Short Story the Most Dangerous Game

Sanger Rainsford is an American hunter (p. 68) and book-writer(p. 71) in the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. Rainsford was stranded on the island â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† due to his yacht falling into pieces from hitting the unknown, unseen crags in the water(p. 69). Rainsford was the only survivor of the shipwreck. When Rainsford was on foot on the island, he followed footsteps leading up to an irregular house. Little did he know that he was walking into the home of General Zaroff, a Russian aristocratic(p. 2) big game hunter, who soon became uninterested in hunting animals anymore, he would much rather hunt humans because of their intellect(p. 74-75). Ivan was a deaf; highly uneducated, deaf, Russian man who was an assistant to General Zaroff(p. 72). The story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† takes place on a small island named â€Å"Ship-Trap Island†(p. 67). The island is called â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† because it had no warnings of crags that ships often sink/crash their boats on.The Most Dangerous Game† was in the time era of about the early 1920s(p. 66). Rainsford was given three days to survive against Ivan and General Zaroff in a deadly hunt(p. 76). Zaroff was extraordinarily excited to hunt Rainsford because he knew that Rainsford had knowledge and tactics on the subject matter hunting, and General Zaroff loved a challange. On the first night of the hunt, General Zaroff catches Sanger Rainsford by catching him in a tree, but Zaroff decided to spare his life, for he wanted a more challenging game(p. 9). Sparing Rainsford's life was a deadly mistake for Zaroff, because in the end, Rainsford snuck up on Zaroff and killed him(p. 83). â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† was told by the narrator in third person perspective. The narrator was limited omniscient, he described the character's actions, but he did not describe their thoughts and ideas. The theme that I learned from this story was that the hunter b ecame the hunted, meaning it's not very easy to know how someone feels without taking a walk in their shoes.At the beginning of the story before the yacht crashed into the crags, Rainsford stated that hunting is the best sport in the world, but Whitney replied that it is for the hunter, but not the jaguar (p. 68). The mood that I felt most in this story was suspense. One event happened after another, for instance, as soon as the yacht crashed (p. 69), Rainsford heard three gun shots from a what seemed like an island with complete vacancy (p. 69). This story always had you anticipating for the next thrilling event.

Computerized Sales Inventory System Essay

By having a plan of widening the Cunderdin-Quairading Road , conservation is still involved because the management involved in the operation were able to conserve the old and big trees. They are able to protect and enhance the environmental values of road reserves. By consulting to the Department of Environment and Conservation for a clearing permit gave them permission what trees to cut and remind them to be responsible enough on how to conserve nature despite of the more industrialized world for convenience. The study also increased the employees’ and community’ s awareness of roadside conservation. It can provide safe and efficient road access while balancing best practice environmental management. It only shows that conservation is not a hindrance to save nature even though we want to improve our community or to build business. It is just a matter of planning and remembering the environment. The study about Shire of Cunderdin: Cunderdin-Quairading Road is just an example of conservation issue that must be given attention. It shows that people are still aware of the conservation issues and trying to promote goodwill to save the planet for our future generation. II. Case Study Shire of Cunderdin: Cunderdin-Quairading Road – The Shire of Cunderdin undertook road upgrade works along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road during 2011. This upgrade was in response to the state government decision to close Tier 3 grain-freight railway lines which would result in increased grain freight traffic on local roads such as the Cunderdin-Quairading Road. The road works The road works included formation works, shoulder works, drainage works, overlay and widening. The object of the upgrade was to: * clear grass, some small vegetation and minimal trees * reform and improve drainage * box out shoulders to a depth of 10 centimetres * overlay old pavement 10 centimetres * widen the pavement to 9 metres with a seal width of 7 metres Grader, loaders and trucks were used for clearing and formation works. Where the major clearing was required, such as the removal of salmon gums, skid steers and a 3-ton excavator was used to manoeuvre in places where the large plant equipment couldn’t go. The road reserve along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road consists of open roadside vegetation dominated by salmon gum, york gum, acacia and sheoak species in a degraded condition, with a predominantly introduced under storey of agricultural weeds. There are no declared rare flora or threatened ecological communities along the Road. Clearing was selective and only to the extent needed. When applying to the Department of Environment and Conservation for a clearing permit, each tree or area to be cleared was recorded on a GPS, with a view to minimizing the number of trees to be cleared, and to preserve as many large trees along the road, while creating a safe and effect ive road for users. The amount and diversity of roadside vegetation was taken into account when widening the road, and where one side of the road was less diverse than the other, the road was widened on that side. Agricultural weeds were cleared from undergrowth, and low vegetation was cleared on two s-bends to create a better line of sight, which reduced the need for a complete s-bend realignment and subsequent major clearing. Other works along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road were carried out under exemption, as specified under Item 22 of Regulation 5 (and Schedule 2) of the WA Clearing Regulations which specifies clearing within the road maintenance zones. Future plans Although no conditions were placed on the permit, the shire plans to put in place a strategic offset program where tree planting and revegetation of degraded areas and exhausted gravel pits will be undertaken annually to offset any essential clearing of native vegetation along roadsides. Future offsets will include planting low lying native shrubs along cleared road reserves to maintain aesthetics, for weed control, and to join vegetation corridors. Offset plans for 2011-12 include the revegetation of an old road reserve that was left after the realignment of an s-bend on Doodenanning Road. Agreements have been made with the adjacent property owner to allow room for farm machinery access. The revegetation will link up with a small pocket of remnant vegetation on the landholder’s property and existing roadside vegetation.

A Study On Corporal Punishment Sociology Essay

A Study On Corporal Punishment Sociology Essay Do parents think corporal punishment is an effective form of discipline? Corporal punishment plays an important role in today’s society. It affects the parents’ attitudes physically and physiologically. Academic studies have established that under some circumstances, corporal punishment of children can increase short term compliance with parental commands (Smith, Ray, Stefurak, however, subsequent investigators brought forth a counter argument to some of the different views that were held. These revisionist scholars developed different hypotheses from finding new discoveries as well, such as, if corporal punishment caused parents to become abusive and to what extent parents employed corporal punishment. They used questionnaires and surveys for parents from different demographic regions such as the Appalachian, New England, Midwest, and the Deep South to use as sample population test groups. The population group was sub-categorized by gender, race, and social status. T he researchers’ findings gave the participants the chance to understand if corporal punishment is the best solution for changing a child’s behavior and if they are using corporal punishment for the wrong purposes. One group of researchers discovered that the parental characteristics showed that older parents are less likely to use corporal punishment and that mothers spank more often than fathers (Socolar et al. 2006). Another group of scholars found that a small portion of Appalachian mothers tend to agree with them. From their questionnaire, mothers reported using corporal punishment more frequently than using reasoning and rewards (Fish, Amerikaner, & Conrae, 2006). Other reports suggested mothers were more likely to use corporal punishment if the degree of misbehavior evolved into a power struggle. Physical punishment was indicated as the last resort for gaining control in a disciplinary situation (Smith et al. 2007).

Quality Function Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Quality Function Development - Essay Example two factors would lead to confusion and misinterpretation of data when a product moves from the market research stage to design stage and then to engineering stage and at last to manufacturing stage. One can quite often find that once the customer expectations are passing from the market research stage to manufacturing stage (Bunch, 2003, pp.31-36) a lot of their expectations would be lost in each stages and the voice of the organization enters into the product design stage. As a result the company goes in for incorporating in the product what the customers had not asked in for rather than incorporating in the product what the customers had asked in for (Cochran, 2003, pp.43-47). But if the company goes in for incorporating QFD system then the companies can always go in for incorporating the customer's expectations in the product. QFD helps in removing the design error so that company need not spend money and time in redesigning the product. QFD is a set of graphically oriented planning matrices that helps in identifying factors based on which decisions can be made during any phase of the product development cycle (Gordon, 2003, pp.37-40). QFD is nothing but a perfect blue print for quality by design. The results of incorporating QFD in an organization can be measured by looking into the number of designs and engineering changes brought in during the product development and manufacturing stage. It can also be evaluated based on the cost incurred quality of product and time taken to market the product after incorporating QFD (Franco, 2001, pp.28-32) and what had been the value of these factors before QFD was implemented. Once QFD is implemented then the amount of time and money spent by an organization on redesigning and modifications drastically comes down. Once... From this paper it is clear that  an organization that properly implements Quality Function Development can improve their engineering knowledge in producing a particular product; this can in turn improve productivity and quality of the product and can also cut down the production time and cost.As the report highlights  QFD is a set of graphically oriented planning matrices that helps in identifying factors based on which decisions can be made during any phase of the product development cycle. QFD is nothing but a perfect blue print for quality by design. The results of incorporating QFD in an organization can be measured by looking into the number of designs and engineering changes brought in during the product development and manufacturing stage. It can also be evaluated based on the cost incurred quality of product and time taken to market the product after incorporating QFD and what had been the value of these factors before QFD was implemented. Once QFD is implemented then th e amount of time and money spent by an organization on redesigning and modifications drastically comes down. Once this is achieved it means that the company can launch their product in the market much earlier than they could by following the traditional method.  QFD process starts with listing down the goals or objectives that the company has to achieve. This list is prepared by finding out what the customers expect from a product.

ECON160 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ECON160 - Research Paper Example Moreover, free market system promotes fairness in the society by threatening dictatorial rule. Part 1 Free market policies that threaten dictatorial governments Governments around the globe prefer the free market system because of the advantages that arise upon use. Indeed, the system encourages entrepreneurship and healthy competition. In dictatorial States, the system poses threat to governments. According to Cobin (16), free market leads to economic growth and the development of democratic empires. In China, the system has been fundamental in strengthening democracy. The rise in private wealth acquisition in China is attributable to the free market system. For instance, the system promotes democracy in China. Free market system discourages dictatorship in several instances making the system preferable in developed democracies. According to Wehner and Brooks (37), the use of free trade policies limits State’s monopoly. As such, the system denies government the monopoly of ma king trade policies on behalf of the citizens. Governments using the system consult citizens when making trade policies. Wehner and Brooks (24) add that free market system enhances fairness in employments. Moreover, government listens to public opinion when making national budget in free market systems. Dictatorial governments find it hard to embrace the free market system because it encourages citizens to take part in planning. In free markets, the public helps the government in planning for activities that affect trade. For instance, citizens vote when choosing their leaders, yet voting is against the principles of dictatorship. Moreover, people make decisions through consensus in free trade (Kates 7). Citizens prefer the use free trade policies because the policies advocates for fairness in trade. Free market system advocates for the use of monetary policies in restructuring economies. This is only achievable in the presence of democracy. The economy encourages dialogue during pl anning. This makes it difficult for a government to embrace dictatorship (Wehner and Brooks 27). There is a direct connection between economy and politics making governments listen to the views of masses when devising trade policies. A majority of the countries that have adopted free market economic system are not dictatorial. This is an indication that free market system discourages dictatorship. Policies that prohibit the government against setting prices for commodities are helpful in promoting democracy. In free market economies, market forces control the activities of the market. According to Cobin (151), governments intervene only when the country faces crisis. Additionally, a free market encourages the poor to exploit the rich because they control dictatorial governments. When the poor have the capacity to develop, they become a threat to the government. In free markets, people champion their rights through voting; hence, the poor in the country have the capability to elect o ne of their own to a leadership position. 2 China’s economy According to Richard McGregor, China’s economy is both a free market and communist economy. It is a free market because leadership has embraced liberalization of trade. For example, individuals have built their own business empires from trade. In China, the communist party encourages ownership of properties by individuals. The

Qualitative research and questionnaire design Essay

Qualitative research and questionnaire design - Essay Example In its simplest sense, emotional branding pertains to that type of strategy which gives paramount importance to the emotions, most especially that of the consumers. Nowadays, members of the corporate world have recognized the importance of Corporate Branding. Big companies such as Victoria’s Secret, Coca-Cola, Godiva and Starbucks have all resorted to the use of emotional branding to attract more customers. Basically, emotional branding denotes one thing: that is, to place the customers at the core of the marketing strategy rather than focusing too much on the product (Berrada 2010; Gobe 2010). Pertinently, it is the goal of emotional branding to ensure the development of customer loyalty by making sure that the brand dominates its competitors with respect to the attention given by the customers (Travis 2000). Generally, emotional branding gives importance to the five senses of the consumers. Hence, advertisements focus on these, making sure that the customers connect not just with the product being advertised but to the brand as well. Hence, through emotional branding, the consumers are perceived to have the capacity to connect more to the brand. In this regard, the connection of the customers and the brand results to a greater profit for the company or manufacturer concerned (Gobe 2010; Taher 2006). The use of emotional branding then appeals to the internal aspect of the consumer. It is basically more concerned with the use of abstract concepts yet at the same time, yields to results that are concrete (Berrada 2010; Norman 2005). Evidently, not much research has been successful in determining why emotional branding results to customer satisfaction. It was considered as the marketing trend of the current generation (Gobe 2010; Passikoff 2006). Because of the competition dominating in the business arena, companies must not only tell their consumers what they need; instead, they must focus on the different reasons why the latter needs to obtain this (Desg rippes, Hellman and Gobe 2007; Norman 2005) This research generally focuses on emotional branding in the case of one of the most successful brands in the whole world: Starbucks. Undeniably, Starbucks has been considered as one of the most successful companies that have carried out the emotional branding strategies. Its products appeal to its consumers, enjoy high name recall, and finally, experience high degrees of customer loyalty (Gobe 2010; Mennen 2010; Passikoff 2006). In fact, Starbucks has been considered as the benchmark for mainstream coffee houses in view of its ability to market its products by promoting the social status that it gives. In this regard, this research draws on the perceptions of the customers of Starbucks with respect to aspects of emotional branding carried out by the corporation as well as the successfulness of the said strategies in the attainment of the following results: (1) appeal of the products to the customers, (2) high name recall, and (3) customer loyalty (Dorfmeister 2003; Gobe 2010). To attain the said objectives, this research employs the use of the qualitative approach to research, focusing on the use of the interviews in the form of questionnaires to obtain the pertinent data for this research. Literature Review Having established the main objective that this paper seeks to attain, this section then focuses on the review of pertinent literature with respect to emotional branding. Generally, this literature review focuses on three pertinent issues,

Chapter 2 Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 2 Discussion Questions - Essay Example However, there are certain differences between groups and teams which are easily visible. A group is often self-formed and thus a collection of like-minded individuals. As a result, there is more protection of self-esteem, and the feeling of oneness. In addition, no hierarchy and no external influence are allowed. On the other hand, a team is purely based on the idea that it has a shared task and that each individual has a role to play which directly affects the project (p. 35). In addition, a team is essentially task-focused and hence, interactions too are task-oriented. So, it is allowed and common to consult others for practical advice. The most essential feature is the absence of ‘not one of us’ attitude that is seen in a group. In a team, members realize the need to have differently skilled people for task fulfillment. In total, a team is totally focused on the task to be accomplished unlike a group that might stress more on group values. II It is very clear that gr oup cohesion is different from team cohesion. The first difference lies in the fact that group cohesion is, most of the time, a natural mechanism and is based on the ‘we’ feeling of like-minded workers. A group arises when a number of workers find that they have something in common.

Review #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review #4 - Essay Example The differences in the years B.C and the years A.D are documented in this chapter too. There is a further understanding that the domestication did not happen overnight, but it occurred over a long period with each year bringing something different from the previous years. The topics discussed in the study are of great significance because they document various instances of outstanding stages in the development of Agriculture. There are many comparisons of the differences recorded between the old and the new worlds. The different patterns in prehistory have been documented in this topic with direct reflection on different hypotheses that explain several situations of origins of agriculture, sedimentary communities, as well as domestications of different crops and animals. The topics cover differences in regards to these advancements with specific backgrounds to the measures that have been made in regards to developing more sophisticated tools for agricultural use, as well as the steps in the developments of certain crops like maize, wheat and beans. The studies incorporate the differences in terms of locations with the likes of Southwest Asia, Central America, Mesoamerica and South America. The critique of this text appears to be of a positive review because the text plays the intended role of documenting the various important scenarios in the platform of agricultural development. The text is educative and quite informative especially to an individual with deep interest on the journey that agriculture has travelled to reach what it is

Activity Based Costing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Activity Based Costing - Research Paper Example The total customer and distribution cost allocated to the various customers is as follows: Departmental stores=400+400+800=1600 Mid size specialty stores=3600+15600+19200=38400 Small gift shops=36000+64000+40000=140000 Total customer support and distribution cost =180000 Contribution margin less customer support and distribution cost will be as follows using the two approaches. Revenue approach Description Department store Specialty shops Gift shops Contribution margin 0.5*150000=75000 0.75*100000=75000 0.8*250000=200000 Less: Customer and distribution cost 54000 36000 90000 21000 39000 11000 ABC approach Description Department store Specialty shop Gift shop Contribution margin 75000 75000 200000 Less: Customer and distribution cost 1600 38400 140000 73400 36600 60000 The main core of a profit making company is to increase its returns and reduce costs. Management and cost accountants have to put up measures that reduce costs and ensure profit maximization (Bhimani, Horngren, Datar & Foster, 2008). In the above case, the customer who should be preferred is that whose contribution margin less Customer and distribution cost is high. It must be noted that fixed cost is not used in making decisions since the company has no control on the fixed cost. Considering the revenue approach of cost allocation, the company will prefer specialty shop because of the high return of 39000. The department’s stores with the return of 21000 and lastly the gift shop with a return of 11000 would then follow this. In the case of activity based costing allocation method, the department store will be more attractive compared to the other customers. The gift...Activity costing being one of the methods of cost allocation. There are four major steps in cost allocation using this method. First is the determination of the major activities of the business that result in cost increases. The cost centers of the activities are then determined. The third stage is the determination of the co st drivers i.e. the factors responsible for the increase in cost in the various cost centers (Horngren, 2009). The costs are then charged to the various cost centers considering the driving factors. The main core of a profit making company is to increase its returns and reduce costs. Management and cost accountants have to put up measures that reduce costs and ensure profit maximization. In the above case, the customer who should be preferred is that whose contribution margin less Customer and distribution cost is high. It must be noted that fixed cost is not used in making decisions since the company has no control on the fixed cost. Considering the revenue approach of cost allocation, the company will prefer specialty shop because of the high return of 39000. The department’s stores with the return of 21000 and lastly the gift shop with a return of 11000 would then follow this. In the case of activity based costing allocation method, the department store will be more attrac tive compared to the other customers. The gift shop will be second while the specialty shop will be the least attractive.

Halophytes and Glycophytes - A Review Research Paper

Halophytes and Glycophytes - A Review - Research Paper Example The proteome profile of germinating seeds reveals that salinity probably inhibited the degradation of seed storage proteins leading to the slower germination rate. Maximum delay in the germination process was observed during 0-72 hours as illustrated in Fig 02. However, at the vegetative stage, C. maritime plants exposed to moderate salinity (0-100 mM NaCl) have depicted enhanced growth with expansion in leaves and elevated photosynthetic activity in saline conditions showing a typical halophytic trait (Debez et al., 2012) as illustrated in Fig. 03. Aquaculture provides with a significant proportion of seafood for human consumption and is regarded as one of the key sustainable means to meet the rising food demand. However, the highly saline wastewater discharged from marine and coastal farms has adverse implications for environmental sustainability. The halophyte plant species have tremendous potential to treat the discharged wastewater in constructed wetlands on one hand and produce valuable crops on the other. The cultivation of saltmarsh plant, Salicornia europaea, on submerged-subsurface constructed wetland filter beds yielded significant reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients from a farm wastewater when evaluated over a period of 88 days.  A schematic diagram of nutrient removal is illustrated in Fig 04. The total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (TDIN) was removed up to 98.2  Ã‚ ±Ã‚  2.2%. The removal of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was comparatively less and amounted to 23-69%. The total dissolved inorganic p hosphorus (TDIP) was reduced by 36–89%. The correlation between TDIN daily load and TDIN removal from S. Europaea is illustrated in Fig. 05. The S. Europea halophyte can thus be used as an efficient and cost-effective way to treat saline wastewater for nitrogen and phosphorus contents in marine aquaculture (Webb  et al., 2012).

Sectionalism in the United States Essay Example for Free

Sectionalism in the United States Essay Cite Works Page Grimkes Appeal. Grimkes Appeal. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abesaegat.html. Welds American Slavery As It Is. Welds American Slavery As It Is. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abestwa8t.html. Primary Documents in American History. Missouri Compromise: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs Services, Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Missouri.html. Mason-Dixon Line. About.com Geography. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/masondixon.htm. History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research | Episodes. History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research | Episodes. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/1445. All throughout the early 1800s the country was separated in many different areas and arguing over irritable issues. Mainly between the North and the South, they both had a lot of issues and wanted to do what they felt was best for the people. Slavery was the more significant topic than any other topics like social structures, expansion, etc. Many of these topics played a role with the diversity of the country that led to desperate measures. This was an issue that continued all throughout the mid 1800’s. Vastly, slavery was played a big factor in the division between the North and South. The country was divided into two groups, which were known as slave holders and  abolitionists. Due to the desire of the south they wanted to acquire slaves for cheap, the North didn’t feel at ease with the situation, so the two groups were separated geographically. On the other hand, the North was not any economy based off agriculture or unskilled laborers because there economy was not dependent upon slaves. The North felt that there was no need for slaves, and they didn’t see slavery as fair or dignified. The South relied on slaves as a base of production; they use them to operate large farms and large cotton plantations. Many people tried to come up with a solution to the issue of slavery with compositions and bills that lay down laws to come into agreement with both sides. What made it happen was the Missouri Compromise. This document was able to set the standards during the time. It was also able to divide the country into two different groups geographically by a system called the 36 degree 30 minute line. This bill clearly stated that no states above the proposed line shall have slavery, with exception to those already in existence. This meant that all new states being brought into the country from different directions had an opportunity to have slavery if they lay below the line. Of course, the south wasn’t behind the idea, as it allowed the northern non-slave states to outnumber the southern slave-states in the south as far as representation in the government was concerned. Additionally to the slavery controversy was the moral issue and whether or not it was inhumane, and an injustice to the Negro. I dont see how the North cared about the southern slave, because they failed to recognize slaves as people, and much less as citizens. So, that makes me wonder how could you treat another human as if they were non-human, but still complain about their enslavement by other people for the benefit of your own country. A couple of different articles that could relate to this would be the â€Å"Appeal to the women of the south and Slavery as it is. These two articles discuss slavery in its wrong doing, and reasons why it should be extinguished. Both articles see slavery from a Christianity standpoint, and did not view it as something with the bible. In Appeal to the women of the South, there are all of quotes that are used directly from the Bible citing precise examples of slavery being wrong and an abomination to this country. Pertaining to sectionalism, another degree of nation division was expansion and the issues involved with it. The nation was growing at a rapid pace with young people, and different views and ideas  of world supremacy. You could say people’s views were split down the middle into two groups; the expansionists, and the non-expansionists. These two groups were not necessarily separate geographically as the north and south pertaining to slavery, but they were divided by the Mason-Dixon Line. When people tried to all come together and support the war of 1812, they advertised with the thought of a new found land, and how our country could be so much bigger. Sadly, the people began to get in tuned with war, and boasting about the acquiring of new found land, the noticed the struggles of the war, and realizing that our country was inexperienced and weak, they people began to lose hope. It wasn’t a dying need to attain land, and the people were not ecstatic about the war of England. It would have been an honor for the people to be able to say we beat England, but they knew this wasn’t the case. More often people who fantasized these ideas were typically northerners, in standard cities, rather than small agricultural communities. Besides the North, the south had a lot of fortune coming their way if they acquired more land. Compared to the North, the south was a more rural community, so they saw land as a great need, and were very passionate about the nation’s abilities in the war. As it all comes down to it, the war was won, but land didn’t result to a win or lost. As I touch up back on my topic, internal improvement divided the country by political parties. These parties consisted of republicans and federalists. Different perspectives on both sides were mixed, and they didn’t have that many geographical divisions. Another example of this would be in the Maysville Road Article. It was about a suggestion of a road being built with federal money, which resulted in a dispute. The government suggested that the road was for the wellbeing of people, and allowed an easy route through the mountains of Kentucky. Numerous amounts of people didn’t like the idea because it’s not presented fairly to each state. There was any inconsistent amount of money being distributed to different states including non-uniform benefits. This rapidly begins to make distant of the political parties, and create a lot of unwanted tension. Concluding this dispute, the federalist came out victorious, and the road was never constructed. Even though this didn’t turn out as planned, it shows the strive and determination in our nation since its apprehension. All of the examples I used represents the issues in which played a big duty in sectionalism, and the division of the United States of  America. In conclusion, the dispute of slavery was one of the major causes of the growing sectionalism before the civil war. Countless amounts of bills and sacrifices were made to make at ease the different viewpoints of the free and slave states. All of this resulted in the increases of sectionalism in the U.S. In the end, the government wasn’t able to be not relied upon nor stiff. The inconsistent views of slaver have to fade away for sectionalism to be gone and support the country.

Product life cycle Essay Example for Free

Product life cycle Essay Identify and assess the relevance of the ‘product life cycle’ to the notion of employee engagement. Employee engagement can be viewed through the four stages of the product life-cycle Step one is the introduction of the concept of employee engagement, its principles, strategy for enhancing engagement and involving employees, process of change to ensure engagement is fully embedded into the organisation. Step two is growth and growing the concept of engagement through a number of mechanisms: * Support from senior and line managers * Development of line managers in engaging staff * Clear communication and involvement strategy * Involving staff in organisational and job design * Encouraging self and career development planning * Identifying mechanisms for continuous staff feedback * Evaluating and adapting engagement strategies. Step three is reaching maturity and embedding and maintaining the above factors through continuous involvement, participation, communication, evaluation and action And finally, step 4 is the inevitable decline, even though there is a decline it is still important to retain key employees, and their skills and knowledge, and therefore to continuously involve them in managing the change and future strategy. The employee engagement life cycle is an important tool for HR professionals to use to assess how the engagement product fits with the business’s objectives and strategy. Evaluate the future for employee engagement in the UK and global economic context. Future action plans include: * Involving workers in identifying factors that will engage them further * Consideration of the demographic data and identification how to engage staff from all backgrounds at different levels * Further evaluation of the link between engagement practices and performance * Development of managers that can motivate and inspire staff Monster (2011) the online job advertising website conducted an international survey on employees’ views of their line managers and uncovered the following results: * Only 10% described their manager as ‘brilliant’ * 73% feels their manager does not invest in their self-development * 70% believe that they could do their manager’s job to a higher standard * 41% of UK workers felt their managers were totally incompetent Line managers are pivotal to enhancing engagement through empowering, motivating, inspiring, coaching and helping the employee develop themselves to enhance performance. Key areas where managers require further development include: * Responding to grievances and confronting issues * Empowering and involving workers on decisions that impact on them * Treating all team members equitably and with respect and providing constructive feedback * Recognising and appreciating efforts (particularly discretionary effort) * Being driven to deliver on commitments and promises made. Assess the future role of the HR professional and the HR function so far as the sustainable implementation of employee engagement practices is concerned. In order for HR to become more strategic, they need to ensure the HR strategies and the business strategies are aligned and both contribute to the overall business aim and objectives. If this is achieved then HR can be a driving force for creating an organisational strategy for competitive advantage. HR practitioners can determine organisation capability and engagement levels to flexibly adapt to changing environmental and customer needs through an evaluation of: the current resources in terms of skills, knowledge and behaviours; and organisation design and development. Once the HR practitioner is vertically integrated within the business, they will be able to take advantage of future opportunities by becoming a key player in the strategic decision making process through providing extensive knowledge in terms of organisational capability in taking the opportunity to grow into new markets, or determining future strategies and actions required.

Mainstream Media In Malaysia

Mainstream Media In Malaysia The mainstream media in Malaysia has always been perceived as a key pillar of change for the most of the government policies. Nowadays, media play a role as helping to widespread information content, news coverage, ideas, opinions, and entertainment to gigantic audiences. According to the definition, media is defined as a channel that able to transfer messages to reach broad audiences in term of mass communication. Furthermore an array of media is available such as print media, broadcast media, Internet and etc. Print media is a medium by using printed materials to publish the information which is include newspaper, books, magazine, and broachers. In opposite, broadcast media is using electronic to send message that include devices of televisions, radio, CDs, and the other. Lastly, Internet also considered as one of the effective and latest technology that allows users to access to the web in anytime and anywhere you can. Internet contains emails, webpages, blogs, graphics, video download and social networking that could reach globally and nationally. As such government tends to use the variety of media to spread 1Malaysia concept around the globe and encourage Malaysia citizens to build a peaceful and harmony world. Advertisement is one of the effective ways in promoting, so government chooses to publish through the advertising that exert direct and indirect influence to increase the awareness of Malaysia citizen. Besides, they can also easily expose to the media content which is related to 1Malaysia concept in webpage, blogs, graphics and video as well. Government highlights the important of 1 Malaysia concept by repeating the advertising and audiences tend to remember the messages. The goal of 1 Malaysia concept is aim to achieve unity among different races, religions, beliefs and culture. At the same time, government needs media to approach to citizens and communicate towards the concept of 1 Malaysia. The Malaysia Government has putting much effort in promoting the concept by using mainstream media such as playing patriotic songs and Rukun Negara through television and radio. During Merdeka day, newspapers have also published wide range of topic about political and our multi racial country. Those publish materials not only helps to strengthen our national unity, the audiences also affected by the media after they saw the slogans in advertising. As a conclusion, government use mainstream media as a powerful tool to encourage the acceptance of the concept by the citizens of Malaysia. 1 Malaysia concept can be strengthens and generate desired outcome. Discussion Limited effect theory According to the Paradigm Shift, media were conceptualized as rarely have powerful and has direct influence towards the audiences. Media might have certain effect, but it is indirect influence as audiences always been affected by the people who surrounding them and opinion leaders. They can be influenced by variety factors such as individual interpretation, personal status, environment, education and etc. Besides, Lazarsfeld and Hovland also argued that effect of media towards audiences is limited and they disagree what implied in mass society theory. Lazarsfeld had developed a research study to measure the media influence and proof that media is powerless on shaping public opinion. And this theory is defined as Limited Effect Theory. It shows that there are minority of people were behaving vulnerable and tend to rely on mass media. Lazarsfeld and Hovland try to have better understanding towards media so they developed a media studies. They wish that media could be control well and use it in a proper way. But unfortunately, they realized that media were not as powerful as implied in mass society theory. Lazarsfeld believes in inductive approach which is start from empirical observation and develops a theory. From his research observation argued that if media is powerful, the propaganda is tend to reinforce and influences the voters candidate choice. And the results shows that majority of people are influences from others who surrounding them more than the media content. Thus, the gate keepers act as the opinion leaders that persuade and lead those opinion followers decision. They are the one who interpret the media information carefully and share their own view with the others. This also referred as two step flow. Based on this theory, opinion leaders own a characteristic such as active, aggressive, heavy media user and talkative which is usually tend to shape public opinion. In opposite, opinion followers are those who tend to follow. In conclusion, media is powerless in term on influence viewers opinion. For example, we are educated since we are young, so we are able to interpret the message from media and choose what to believe or not to believe. Media is lack powerful to convert viewers mind and beliefs as they got ability to analyze the media content, but not being vulnerable towards the manipulation of media and propaganda. Moreover, viewers also will base on their own different interpretation and influences to select whether to trust the media. Some of them might receive it differently, some of them might been influenced by their group membership as well. Opinion and views From my personal opinion, I am being neutral for the usage of mainstream media to promote 1 Malaysia concept. Media is able to effect audiences but with limited influences. The influence that occurs is indirectly which is based on individual differences. Government publishes about the important of unity among racial through television, radio, newspaper or Internet, but viewers can choose to receive the information or reject the messages. Promoting 1 Malaysia concept is not only relies on mainstream media to achieve the desired outcome; Malaysia government should have to consider individuals from different background, status, education and etc. Audiences have been educated since young, so they have held strong beliefs and certain mind set. Mass media is not so easily can change their attitude and behaviors in a short period of time. In fact, audiences are not vulnerable or just been force to receive the information from media. They can interpret and analyze, they will also get influenced through the interactive from the others as well. For example, they might receive the message from the 1 Malaysia advertising, but they are influenced by people who are surrounding them. Discussion 2 Diffusion of Innovation In another discussion, I will base on the diffusion of innovation theory which is explained how innovations are introduced and adopted by various communities. This theory was successfully developed by Everett M. Rogers and he extended the two step flow theory. There are 5 stages of info diffusion theory which is including innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards. The adoption process usually begins from innovators. They are people who are knowledgeable; well- educated and tends to be aware about certain information from mass media. In this situation, when government use mainstream media to promote about 1 Malaysia concept. Innovators are more aware about the message and interprets based on their own knowledge. They expose to the media content, and understand about the functioning of 1 Malaysia concept. Moreover, they also gained education information towards the advertising such as Rukun Negara or patriotic songs; they will be behave more alert and remember the messages. Next, the innovation process will be adopted by a small group of people which is known as early adopters. They are the individual who are interested and try to seek for more details information after they saw the advertising. Most of the time, people tend to follow when the early adopters adapt to the innovation. In such, early adopters will take some necessary action after they exposed to the 1Malaysia advertising or media content. They will try to increase the unity among different races by giving commitment, organizing open house activity or be more aggressive to participate in patriotic events. Besides that, early majority is located in the third stage of process. At the same time they also referred as an opinion leaders. Early majority usually observe and refer to the innovators decision than only make the last decision. They own a characteristic such as active, aggressive, talkative, credibility and etc, so people tend to follow and believe the decision made by early majority when they share their views and opinions. Additionally, early majority always play a role as encourage and influence people in decision making. Based on the 1 Malaysia concept, early majority tend to persuade the opinion followers to believe and accept the the 1 Malaysia concept t that published by Malaysia government. They have the ability to motivate the others and successfully generate the desired objectivity of 1 Malaysia concept. For example, opinion leaders might encourage people to participate themselves in Malaysia patriotic events, and opinion followers will agree and follow his decision. During the fourth stage of innovation process, those opinion followers are tend to believe on the opinion leaders by giving full commitment. Opinion leaders will share their opinion, views, and past experiences to shape the public opinion. In this case, they are usually popular among the group, or an influential people. For example, opinion leaders convey the 1 Malaysia concept and sharing based on his own opinion. What he speck out is trustworthy and credibility, in such peoples are influenced by the opinion leaders and they will support and believe in his decision making. Lastly the end of the adoption process is the laggards. They also referred as the late majority. They can either be very traditional or more isolated in social system, as they not dare to take the risk and believe the information which is publish in mass media. Compare to the others, they usually take much longer time to adopt innovation and make changes. Based on the usage of mainstream media to promote the 1 Malaysia concepts, they might be the last group of people that try to move on and make changes. For example, they just try to expose and participate themselves in Malaysia patriotic events while the others already joined for many times. http://1malaysia.com.my/my/news_archive/government-to-adopt-moderation-approach-to-promote-global-peace-najib/ http://1malaysia.com.my/my/news_archive/najib-urges-media-to-help-promote-moderation/ http://transfomasimalaysia.blogspot.com/2011/03/1malaysia-concept-cannot-be.html http://www.thefreedictionary.com/print+media http://kifah-arifin.blogspot.com/2011/07/ways-to-strengthen-national-unity-among.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2216049/Limited-Effects-Theory-of-Mass-Communication http://www.stanford.edu/class/symbsys205/Diffusion%20of%20Innovations.htm http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/Richerson/BooksOnline/He19-95.pdf http://www.rogerclarke.com/SOS/InnDiff.html. Media manipulation often involves government or corporate propaganda and spin. Sometimes organizations and governments can feed fake news or politically or ideologically slanted stories to broadcasters which depict them as quality news items and journalism. In this way, the media can truly serve as a catalyst for development, he added. patriotic spiri to more strongly emphasise national unity and efficient governance. It is a principle that intends to guide and build a united and progressive nation. The concept is aimed at inculcating the spirit of togetherness and a sense of belonging among Malaysians, regardless of race, religion and creed.

Teenagers and Their Tanning Problem Essay -- Health, Skin Cancer

Teenagers and their Tanning Problem 30 million people are expected to go tanning this year (â€Å"Tanning poses risks† 1). That means that 30 million people are putting themselves up for the risk of skin cancer, premature aging, and they are putting themselves in a possible unsanitary environment. The tanning industry wants a person to think that the only thing that tanning can do for them is to make them bronze and beautiful. When in reality, it has the opposite effect. People need to know what they are doing to themselves before they put themselves in a tanning bed. Many people choose not to acknowledge all of the harmful effects that tanning can have on your body. They think that it won’t happen to them. But, I will give facts and statistics to show that everyone is at risk of the possible outcomes that come from using a tanning bed. There are 1 million new cases of skin cancer found each year (â€Å"No Teen tanning† 1). We need to make that number go down. If we make a law that makes a person have to be over 18 to go tanning, many lives would be saved. Tanning salons are not keeping up to their regulations. They are not only lying to us, but are also misleading us in multiple ways. A recent survey done where a reporter from The Consumer Union asked employees at tanning salons from 12 different cities multiple questions to see the results. When they did this they found that 75% of employees said their customers could tan everyday, 6% said they would allow them to tan without eyewear, 20% said minors could come without any adult and 35% said that tanning doesn’t cause skin cancer (â€Å"Tanning poses risks† 1). These statistics are way too high. Not only are the people at the tanning bed not trustworthy, but so are their actual beds. Emp... ...abit at all. Being 18 is a big step in a teenager’s life. They automatically become more responsible and more mature. They should be able to be mature enough to make the right decision by choosing to not go tanning. They would also no longer have the peer pressure while being in high school to look a certain way. This would be a great law that could save lives, but still protect that American right of freedom to choose what a person does with oneself. Lots of states are taking action and creating new regulations and laws for tanners. Let us be the one who really goes all out. Let us be the one to start something new. People would look to us and think about how much we care about our people and their lives. If we do create this law, then many lives would be saved. Future cancer patients would no longer exist. Our Indiana State citizens will thank us in the future.

The accident Essay -- essays research papers

The Accident Every once and awhile I'll look back on my life and I'll laugh. Particularly at the times I spent with my best friend Nate and all the mischief we caused. I look back now and I think what the HELL were we doing? How did we not die? Have you ever sat down and had a conversation with a male teen between the ages of 14-17? I should've been locked away for that period of my life, I swear I was temporarily insane. I had NO concept of "consequences" or "repercussions". I did whatever, whenever. Unfortunately this little package of immaturity also came with other misleading thoughts such as a sense of invincibility, a total disregard for any authority, and taking pretty much EVERYTHING in my life for granted. What's also unfortunate, is that I had to learn all of these life lessons the hard way, and in one horrible night when I was just sixteen and a half years old. As I said, Nate and I are best friends, a little out of touch now, but best friends nonetheless. I guess it was the fact that we were both rebelling against the environment we were slowly growing up in that it made us so much alike. In a town where white-pride isn't just common, more like a way of life, we were just a couple of 12 year old kids looking for an escape. What's strange about growing up in a small town is that it encourages a sense of self-value, independence, and creativity which can be lost in large towns or cities. I mean, if you're not doing something creative in our town, what the hell else would you be doing? So, Nate and I developed a VERY similar sense of humor. A dry sense of humor that I assume no one else really appreciated because we didn't have all that many other friends. We entered middle school with hopes of new experiences and meeting new interesting people. This was when I met Jeff, my other life-long-hetero friend. Jeff and I played hockey together when we were eight. He quit, and I hadn't seen him since. Once I introduced him to Nate, we all became very close friends. Finally the day came that every 16 year old dreams about. Jeff and I got our licenses. We were both a little older than most people in our graduating class, so we were a couple of the lucky kids. And on top of that, we both had very nice cars. Mine a ... ... at Nate, he was clutching his chest from a deep cut he got from the seat belt, I was almost too ashamed to look directly at him, his face covered in blood. He looked at me and said â€Å"I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have egged you on, I’m sorry†. Before I could respond Jeff interjected, â€Å"Nah, I shouldn’t have taken you guys down here, this was a stupid idea, I’m an idiot. I‘m just so glad you guys aren‘t dead.† I couldn’t believe this, I screwed up, almost killing one of my best friends and here they were trying to make excuses for MY mistake. The car was totaled, we drove through a fence, hit a tree and then a mound of dirt which was what tossed the car on its side. The backseat had collapsed, everything in the trunk was now in the front of the car. Most of it hitting Nate on the way there. We stood there. Quiet. In shock from all the life lessons we had just learned in about 5 seconds. You could almost feel the childhood slip away. It was then that I realized how lucky I was to have such great friends, and how precious life really is, and how it can be altered, permanently, so quickly. I’ll think about this night every once in awhile. It reminds me how happy I should be to still be alive.

Get Fit With the Grizzlies Essay -- Article Review, Childhood Obesity

The article I chose to analyze is titled Get Fit With the Grizzlies: A Community-School-Home Initiative to Fight Childhood Obesity, which focused on social and physical health related determinants in their strategy to confront childhood obesity and promote change. The research done by C. Irwin, R. Irwin, Miller, Somes, and Richey (2010) in regards to the development of a community health promotion program has similarities to various aspects of the nutrition group’s video and components of their health promotional program structure. As previously noted, social and physical determinants to health aided in the process of development and helped determine societal needs, as depicted by this group’s population of interest. The population that the nutrition group used, involved 9-10 year old boys, who were already in a pre-established group who shared common interest i.e. cub scouts, were learning about nutrition in other areas of their life, parents actively participated and were present, presentation provided to them in a familiar environment i.e. cub scout meeting, and were motivated to participate in this program by earning a pin. Similarly, as found in Irwin, et al. (2010), participants in their program included relatively the same age group, specifically 9-11 year old children from Memphis City Schools in TN, where 11 elementary schools were randomly selected out of 110 to participate in this program and parents involvement at home was required at times. The dissemination of information in the video appeared to be very age appropriate and used similar supplemental tools such as the US Department of Agriculture’s MyPyramid and incorporated physical activities. Interestingly enough, both programs used basketball within their progr... ...r week, after school NutriActive program with kindergarten and first graders. This study’s results indicated that a short, vigorous program such as NutriActive’s, can produce significant and sustainable improvements in motor skills and fitness levels of young children. The nutrition group’s program, especially the interactive components would likely be a great fit for this population, the content may need to be changed slightly to make it more age appropriate but the overall message and delivery would useful. It’s important to point out that the nutrition group, the Holcomb et al. study, and Matvienko et al. study all use of a client centered approach, and a common theme is apparent with respect to enabling individuals participating in these programs to foster feelings of competence, which contribute to their overall sense of well-being and satisfaction in life.

Martin Luther King. American Rhetoric Essay

Martin Luther King Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While giving his speech, Martin Luther King used pathos as well as ethos and logos. By using pathos, King intended to make the people hate racism. King states that Negroes have been crippled by â€Å"†¦chains of discrimination†¦ (American Rhetoric, 2001)†By this statement, King intended to make the whites realize that they have broken the promises drafted in the constitution. While using ethos, King uses the example of bad check. This is seen when he states that denying Negroes their civil rights shows that, â€Å"†¦America has given the Negro people a bad check†¦(American Rhetoric, 2001)†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While using logos, King refers to the Emancipation Proclamation that was signed by Lincoln in a move to end slavery. While addressing the crowd, King states that Lincoln signed the Emancipation proclamation to end, â€Å"†¦the long night of their captivity†¦ (American Rhetoric, 2001)† The main objective of this statement was to inform the crowd that that even Lincoln, a very prominent figure in the US history, was against racism. References American Rhetoric. (2001). Martin Luther King, Jr. Retrieved on 1 January 2015 from http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Source document

What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies?

governmental Science 1020E Professor Nigmendra Narain consideration 1 Es conjecture What hotshot-valued function should theology look in establishment policies? By Nivedita Sen Student Number 250589199 Section LEC 575 In todays world, godliness plays a profound internet site in umteen spates lives and they find it classical to firmly follow the guiding principles of a phantasmal belief. organized religion has been around for numerous long time and although antithetic people deport their take definition of what it may be, organized godliness is basic every(prenominal)y a personal belief system of rules. An unmarrieds belief system is the preen of principles by which the individual lives his/her daily breeding and which direct his/her thoughts and actions.One question that arises in todays ordination is What employment should pietism play in regime policies? This essay shows that worship should play no piece in governing policies because it would repa ir nation of the domain, specify laws on the creation of spectral intellect and cause burdensomeness of minority lessonitys. In this essay, I graduation posture forward 3 arguments on why morality should play no classify in politics policies and run these arguments with a range of scholarly articles. Next, I present two counter arguments followed by a rebuttal for each.This is followed by my conclusion, which re- accedes why trust should play no part in politics policies. Religion is a significant factor in as certain(a) the quality of a pop system (Braithewaite 2). Freedom of morality, or generally granting immunity of ethics, means that hotshot does non get to affiliate with or acknowledge a religion or belief if it is against his or her wish. Furthermore, maven should not be penalized if he or she wishes to follow one religion over the other or no religion at all. In a democratic system, a persons spectral spiritual belief is an extremely personal subject.Everybody should generate the regenerate to follow any(prenominal) religion they bank as long as their spectral beliefs atomic number 18 not obligate on others. The kindly impact of a religion greatly depends on whether it is supported by the volume or the minority of the population. A religion supported by the bulk has a significant effect on administration and on societal principles. This legal age religion dominates and impacts the government considerably by either controlling the government. In run for a severalise to function, in that location inevitably to be complete insulation of religion from government.Addressing the connection between religion and democracy John Adams questioned, Can a dislodge government possibly exist with religion (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). Similarly, James Madison asked, What influence in fact have ecclesiastical establishments had on polished society? In several(prenominal) instances they have been soak upn to erect a spi ritual tyranny on the ruins of civil societyin no instances have they been seen the guardians of the liberties of the people (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). If religion plays a part in influencing government policies, there pass on one legal age religion achieving control over the government.This bequeath endpoint in ghostlikely inspired policies reign the social dimension and citizen equivalence being busheled. According to Braithwaite, this happens because the size of the majority unearthly group can influence the society and create individual preferences (Braithewaite 4). This causes the establishment of special(prenominal) norms and rules slightly get of behaviour on the nates of the preferences of the majority religious group. These norms come apart against people who do not agree with the beliefs of the majority group (Braithwaite 4).As a go, the democratic system is affected with the minority groups losing trust in the government as they see the majority groups rel igious beliefs improperly influencing the solid ground. Morals are norms of behaviour that the society acknowledges. Religion curings rules and custom for its followers. These religious rules influence the legislative system. If religion plays a role in government policies, it would as well influence laws. For example, religious beliefs and ethical motive influence abortion laws in many parts of the world.It is still looked upon as morally wrong on the founding of religious ideas to at a lower placego an abortion procedure. Phillip Montague points that legal and polity-making debate and decision making should be governed by standard criteria for assessing reasons and reasoning, and when religious considerations poop out to satisfy such criteria, they should not be allowed to influence numerates of law and public insurance (Montague 17). He further severalizes that these matters consist of abortion, capital punishment, and euthanasia along with numerous subjects of social justice such as welfare policies.Montague claims that in comparison with profane reasons, religious reasons fail by a encompassing margin to deal adequately with the complexness of such issues (Montague 17). For instance, a person who entreats that gayness is morally wrong for the reason that it opposes the portend law would be referring to religious grounds to support his argument and not secular. Individuals should not be arguing for restrictive laws or policies if they do not have secular grounds to support them.They should only put across views that are based on secular reasons (Rosenblum 23). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsens watch which examined the make of SRAS on democracy showed that when the laws in a state are extremely sectary and not secular in nature, the state is likely to be less(prenominal) democratic (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). When religion is mixed with state, the outcome is societal norms created on the basis of religious beliefs of the ma jority religion and laws that are in some way influenced by it. As Nancy N.Rosenblum points, follower faith may forbid certain practices such as consumption of alcohol, abortion, tantrum up some foreign policy goals et cetera on the basis of religious reasons. (Rosenblum 21). These norms of behaviour and religiously influenced laws are also imposed upon citizens who do not adhere to the majority religion and take away their immunity of faith. Some minority groups have see disadvantages inflicted by the state when they were not exempted from laws that called for conduct which did not agree with their beliefs, or which inflicted supererogatory costs on them for observing their beliefs.They argue that enforcing such laws causes them to be penalized on the basis of their religion and prohibit them from fair rank and file in the society (Smithey 89). Therefore religion should be unplowed separate from the state or government. Another issue arising from the stochasticity of religio n in government policies is that religious minority groups may face burdensomeness from the religious majority groups, resulting in emphasis between the two groups. As give tongue to in the Canadian Charter, policies that privilege the religious beliefs of some and not those of others pose equality problems ecause of the potential for creating in-groups and out-groups on the basis of religion (Smithey 88). This may course to things such rising by minority groups, conflicts and violence. Arabs form a minority group in Israel and one cause for Israel banning Kach (religious party in Israel), whose policy was forcing the transfer of Arabs from Israel, was creating social violence. Arabs were set forth by Meier Kahane as cancer in the midst of us Let me flex defense minister for two months and you provide not have a single cockroach around hereI promise you a clean Eretz Yisrael (Rosenblum 39). A study conducted by Jonathan Fox describes breakup of religion and state (SRAS) as n o government support for religion and no government intervention in the religious observations of the religions in a state, whether they be a minority religion or a majority religion (Fox 3). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsens study which examined the effects of SRAS on democracy showed that a state that gives preference a point religion is likely to be less democratic (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244).It also indicated that creating a state religion and putting constraints on religious minorities also decreases democracy in a state (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). If the level of democracy in a state is less, it would automatically lead to conflicts between religious groups, with the minority acquire oppressed by the majority because of their mammoth population. Religious tyranny may result in the minority groups expressing their frustration by rebelling and means of violence. Therefore, religion should not play any part in government policies.Many people may argue that reli gion should play a part in government policies and church and state should not be separated because any nonionised religion is comprised of a encipher of conduct or a set of grateful principles to live by forms the moral foundation of a society and helps to feed people. However, every religion has a different code of conduct. What may be undertakeable by one religion office not be acceptable by another religion. If the state decides to follow the principles and morals of the majority religion, the minorities will not accept it.This will cause clashes of beliefs and conflicts among religions, leading to a decrease in the level of democracy in the state. Also, there office be people who believe that they should follow their give set of morals and not be over shadowed by an organised religion. According to Ates Altinordus study of Turkish Islam in the post 1970 time period, jokesters leading social and governmental groups recognized Moslem activities as a threat to their ide ntities and happiness (Altinordu 521).Olivier Roy firmly states that under such situations, Muslim activists possibly might face circumstances similar to that face by a religious minority in spite of living in a society where the majority religion was Islam (qtd. In Altinordu 521) People might also argue that if religion plays a part in government policies, it will subscribe about unification of all the people in the state under one religion. However, this will again ask about inequality among the different religions within the state as the majority religion will dominate other religions.The minority will not have a say as they will be overshadowed by the majority. Government cannot mandate a religion over its citizens. For example, a Turkish charwomans application against banning of the Islamic headscarf was rejected by the European mash of homosexual Rights (Somer 13). A person has should have the freedom to practice his/her religion and persist a headscarf. Therefore, reli gion should be kept away from politics and should playa absolutely no role whatsoever in government policies.This essay addressed the question What role should religion play in government policies? It argued that religion should play no role in government policies. It proved this by showing that if religion played a part in government policies, it would affect the democracy of the state, influence laws on the basis of religious grounds and cause oppression of minority religions. It is evident from this essay that miscellany religion with government policies only causes conflicts.A persons religion should stringently be a personal matter and should not be inflict or forced upon other people. More look should be done and surveys should be conducted end-to-end different counties with different cultural backgrounds to see how interference of religion in government policies adversely affects the democracy of the country and its citizens. Ideally, all countries would be secular. Altho ugh complete secularism is difficult to achieve, the separation of church and state will bring about some form of secularism.This situation would be beneficial to all the citizens and no one will face injustice. workings Cited Alt? nordu, Ates. The Politicization of Religion political universality and Political Islam in Comparative Perspective. regime Society 38. 4 (2010) 517-51. Web. Brathwaite, R. , and A. Bramsen. Reconceptualizing Church and fix A Theoretical and Empirical depth psychology of the opposition of Separation of Religion and democracy on Democracy. Politics and Religion 1. 1 (2011) 1-35. Web. Brathwaite, Robert. Measuring Church and State Religion, Culture, and the Impact on Democracy. SSRN eLibrary (2010)Web. Fox, Jonathan. World Separation of Religion and State into the 21st Century. Comparative Political Studies 39. 5 (2006) 537-69. Web. Montague, Phillip. Religious Reasons and Political Debate. social Theory and blueprint 30. 3 (2004 2004) 327-349. W eb. Rosenblum, Nancy L. censor Parties Religious and Ethnic Partisanship in Multicultural Democracies. Law & Ethics of Human Rights 1. 1 (2007) 3-61. Web. Rosenblum, Nancy L. Religious Parties, Religious Political Identity, and the Cold Shoulder of Liberal elective Thought. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 6. 1 (2003) 23-53. Web. Smithey, Shannon Ishiyama. Religious Freedom and equation Concerns Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian Journal of Political Science/ reappraisal Canadienne de Science Politique 34. 1 (2001) 85-107. Web. Somer, Murat. Moderate Islam and Secularist oppositeness in Turkey Implications for the World,Muslims and Secular Democracy. ternary World Quarterly 28. 7 (2007) pp. 1271-1289. Web.

Literature Review Human Resources Essay

This literature review volition seek to research, consider and evaluate two areas in world pick management (HRM) relating to Ethics and HRM, and Employment trans accomplishment. examine 1 Ethics and HRMThe study of ethical motive in human beings Relations Management (HRM) seems fraught with a overplus of historical and contemporary theories which seek to find clearness in an ever changing and ch solelyenging origin environment.This review will lay the repugns faced by human resource professionals in the honouring of duties owed to employees, stakeholders, and society in the pursuit of long-term wealth creation (Cald wellspring, Hayes, Bernal and Karri, 2008 153) and will reason that honest HRM requires an understanding of the theories and principles the organisational will to merge these into their organisations strategical human resource management (SHRM) and the choose to become a strategic partner in the management of the organisation.Ethical stewardshipSmith and Hindman (2007 16) claim that to the highest degree people want to do the right occasion. This is true in short letter as well as in life. To consider that this separatement has merit, implys that the consult over the theories and principles of ethics in HRM, asshole be seen to provide an understanding of how to achieve the best honourable outcome of a given situation.Winstanley and Woodall (2006 9) clearly state that Ethical reasoning is the ability to draw on relevant theory and frameworks to make more unequivocal the alternative interpretations and responses that could be made to inform decision-making.Caldwell, Truong, Linh and Tuan (2011 178) suggest that the responsibility falls in no teeny part, to the human resource professionals (HRPs) who must encompass the approximate perspectives of ethical stewardship and the unique contributions of transformative leadership. Caldwell, et al. (2011) asserts that a divulge to long-term wealth creation is the alignment of the organisations strategic human resource management (SHRM) to their goals, values and priorities conjugate with congruent and effective leadership.Smith and Hindman (2007 21) suggest that the challenge for the human resource professional is to determine how to score a set of employment policies that provide increase standards of living, fair treatment and nice job gage for employees, while at the same(p) time providing adequate profits for the firm?Reason would suggest that this is non enough. Ethical relativism suggests that clean-livingity is relative to the norms of each somebodys culture. Schumann (2001 93) produces an argument that the theory of ethical relativism should be rejected and that it is meaningful to search for universal moral principles. Schumann (2001) asserts that his moral principles framework incorporating five basic ethical rules or principles, would provide managers guidance, whilst pursuing profits. And yet, Winstanley and Woodall (2006) argue that at th at place are still no universally concord upon ethical frameworks.Much debate centimeres on the ethics of organisations human resources. Greenwood, (2002) goes further to suggest concerns regarding the naming of human resources suggesting that this can place staff in the same position as office equipment.Employees are much more that the wheel that turns any organisation. Friedman (2009 229) identifies human big(p) as the critical value driver of bodily reputation. This reminds us that organisational ethics can cushion upon the organisations internal and external stakeholders.Winstanley and Woodall (20065) provides a strong shield for the ethical rearmament of HR professionals, by suggesting practical slipway in which the exercise of ethical sensitivity and cognizance might become a legitimate extension situation alongside the prevalent recourse to arguments justifying the business case, strategic fit and best near pattern.Mathenge (2011 8) makes the observation that A t ension often exists among a companys financial goals and strategies to better profits, and ethical considerations with right-behavior concerns.Finally, Smith and Hindman (2007 29) reinforce the important point that Every business decision must be along three dimensions it must be operatively effective, levelheadedly compliant, and morally defensible.Conclusion Organizations that combine principles of ethical leadership with a strategic approach to HRM optimize the maximization of values and outcomes and achieve results which reconcile off long-term (Collins and Clarke, 2003 Caldwell et al, 2011).Friedman (2009 240) sums up this review by stating that by positively impacting a corporations reputation HR managers need to occupy an authoritative position in the organizational structure, participate in strategic planning and develop efficient organizational practices that are aligned with corporate reputation goals.Review 2 Employment RelationsIntroductionThe performance of t he 2009 modal(a) flow make up had entrustd to usher in a new administration of good-faith oeuvre relations, jump for collective bargaining and vulnerable workers access to enforceable labour rights (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010 1).This literature review will identify the salient changes wrought by the 2009 clear defecate human action and suggest that in that location has been a simplification of managers prerogatives to make decisions although Australia has not been forced back to the naughtiness old days of conciliation, arbitration and rolling strikes.Neo-liberalismThe approaching of the Fair Work Act can be considered to nonplus its plungeations in neo-liberalism, which espouses the values of deregulated and competitive market place place providing free market outcomes. Neo-liberalism was considered to draw its low-spirited reforms under the Hawke administration by means of its 1993 decree (Michelson, Jamieson and Burgess, 2009 mash and Underhill, 2009).With t he passing of the Coalition governments workplace Relations Act of 1996 and Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Act of 2005, decollectivisation was advanced by banning compulsory unionism, eliminating legal mechanisms to protect the right of unions to bargain collectively, expanding the availability of non-union agreements and sanctions against unauthorized strikes (Lee and Peetz, 1998).Prior to the election of the Rudd Labour political sympathies in 2007, Australian union membership had move by 27 percent from 46 per cent in 1986 to 19 per cent in 2007 (Australian billet of Statistics, 2008).Fair Work ActFar from the hope of a new regime of good-faith workplace relations, The Fair Work Act has been called Work Choices short because it has much in common with the legislation it replaced (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010 1 & 5).Rather than overlapping with anti-discrimination legislation, the Fair Work Act provides a new set of general protections against attribute-based inge st by employersto provide a new regime of protection against workplace discrimination (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010 6).Nelson (2009) and Barnes and Lafferty (2010) identify the signalize features or principles of the Fair Work Act, as A safety net of minimum employment conditions salutary faith bargaining obligations and rules Unfair dismissal comestible Family life balance The right to have government agency Fair legislation and protection for low give employeesThe Fair Work Act did not backtrack Australia to the unfettered industrial strike action of preliminary years. Protected industrial action, strikes and work-to-rules by employees would only be supported under the Act, during enterprise bargaining, if approved by a majority of employees through a compulsory secret ballot and after first obtaining a secret ballot order (Nelson, 2009).To emphasise this point, Hubbard (2012 18) suggests that there is a large hole in the Fair Work Act that can be found in large scale a nd intrac circuit card disputes where the the legislation places no pressure on Australian employers to do more than sit politely at the table (surface bargaining). Hubbard (2012 18) states that the right to take protected industrial action is hollow for many groups of workers where A company makes an industriousness to take away workers rights to protected industrial action, by initiating its own industrial action, which it then claims is significantly harming the Australian economy.Hubbard (2012 19) goes on to state on matters of workplace flexibility and managerial prerogative, members of Fair Work Australia (FWA) have been historically reluctant to impose conditions or restraints, especially in economically significant industries, which was highlighted through the Qantas case.ConclusionThe Fair Work Act has been shown to have not returned Australia to conciliation, arbitration and rolling strikes and has been shown above to have major weaknesses that can be exploited by organis ations. Arbitration through the Act is limited to ultimately resort arbitration as outlined by the Australian Government Solicitor (2009).I conclude that although managerial prerogative has been eroded under the Fair Work Act, specifically through removal of the operational reasons clause, seen to be abused under Work Choices, all managerial options have not been removed. With the implementation of good faith bargaining replacing arbitration, there is a clear indication that HRM imbedded in the guiding principles of the Act, can reinforce ethical HRM.

Dr. Jose Rizal Essay

each Philippine should go to bed the topic gunman sandwichs brio, his youth, his smart guides, as rise as his spot life, and the social occasion he vie in the Philippine Revolution. exclusively Filipino should realize his dreams and dreaming for his nation and for his fellow hands and the magnitude and devotion of his extol for the filth of his brook. Filipino should neck how he suffered, left-hand(a)overured, and died. act 1 You be draw to show the Rizals life-time, deeds and belles-lettres in golf club to upshot the followers questions fostering break down the sozzleding(a) stillts and incidents happens on the follo net incomeg(a) topics in short and concise.1. Jose Rizals experience & alike currently tykeishnessa. The birth June 19, 1861, Calamba, lagune Philippines. b. Parents Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro II and Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos. c. Children SATURNINA RIZAL, PACIANO RIZAL, NARCISA RIZA L, heavy(p) of Washington RIZAL, LUCIA RIZAL, maria RIZAL, JOSE RIZAL, CONCEPCION RIZAL, JOSEFA RIZAL, TRINIDAD RIZAL, SOLEDAD RIZAL. d. Family FRANCISCO MERCADO and TEODORA ALONSOpuerility Jose Rizal was natural to the affluent Mercado-Rizal family in Calamba, laguna of the Philippines. The Mercado-Rizals were considered iodine of the virtu all t dodderyy honored Filipino families during their while. Jose Rizal came from the 13- part family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and social club sisters and wholenessness and only(a) br early(a). His parents were leaseholders of a haci subverta and an dissolving agentant rice originate by theDominicans. From an foregoing(predicate) advance, Jose Rizal Mercado showed a in submitigent in breakect. He larn the prototypical rudiment from his get low ones skin at 3, and could take and salve at age 5.2. be seasons(a) genteelnessa. assume in Bian Rizal had his early edu cation in Calamba and Bian. It was a regular(prenominal) breeding that a word of honor of an ilustrado family sure during his time, characterized by the quadruple Rs- indication, writing, arithmetic, and religion. education was cockeyed and strict. companionship was force into the forefronts of the pupils by marrow of the softtimesed recollection regularity aid by the instructors whip. condescension the defects of the Spanish form of basal education, Rizal was capable to take over the needed study preceding(prenominal) for college charm in manila. It may be express that Rizal, who was innate(p) a sensual weakling, flush to constitute an mind heavyweight non because of, scarcely earlier in en benignle of, the modify and reversive outline of c envisioning obtaining in the Philippines during the be decades of Spanish regime.b. Gomburza carrying into action wickedness of January 20, 1872, more or less both hundred Filipino soldiers and work men of the Cavite inventory under the lead of Lamadrid. Filipino sergeant , flush in uncivilised mutinity because of the abolition of their wonted(prenominal) exclusive right. lap out Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were penalize at morn of February 17, 1872 by holy regulate of regulator prevalent Izquierdo. c. The martyrdom of Gom-Bue-za truky insoured Rizal to agitate the evils of Spanish monocracy and give up his suppress people. Rizal dedicted his stand by novel, EL Filibusterismo d. comes impoundment near old age posterior on my effect to Kalamba, my parents unyielding that I should outride, and that later I should go to manilla. I valued to study with a teacher of the townspeople, up to now though I could evolve no more than than multiplication, so I entered the village school.At this time, an uncle of mine, sire Jos Alberto, blow overed from europium. He lay down that, during his absence, his wife had left hand his colle ction plate and given her children. The unforesightful musical composition uneasily pay heedk his wife and, at my grows zealous request, he took her back. They went to resilient in Bian. only a some geezerhood afterwards the ungratifying charr plot with a Guardia well-bred military officer who was a helper of ours. She accuse her keep up of inebriation her and supercharged that my spawn was an accomplice. On this charge, the alcalde move my generate to prison house. I do non want to tell of the cabalistic wo which we all, ix sisters and brothers, matt-up. Our gets arrest, we knew, wasunjust. The men who arrested her simulated to be fri finales and had often been our guests. forever since because, child though I was, I bedevil dis indisputable fri determinationship. We erudite later that our set about, apart from us all and on in stratums, was ill. From the send-off, the alcalde believed the accusation.He was foul in every(prenominal) elbow room and cutting-hardened my become rudely, thus far brutally. Finally, he persuaded her to grant to what they wised by smart to set her guiltless and to let her grab her children. What arrive could stand up that? What male parent would non kick in life itself for her children? hey panicked and deceived my mystify, as they would stick any other pay back. They exist to designate her if she did non severalise what they wished. She submitted to the ply for of her enemies and wooly-minded her eye. The character reference became complex until the similar alcalde asked justify for her. and this was only when the topic was onwards the ultimate Court. He asked for the exculpate because he was drear for what he had do. such(prenominal) was his thrift that I felt scared of him. Attorneys Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Masigan, manillas star lawyers, defended my pay off and they in the long run succeeded in having her acquitted. They turn out her s inlessness to the arbiters, her accusers and her hosts of enemies. only after how more than hold water? aft(prenominal) dickens and a half(a) social classs.e. Studies at Ateneo de manila paper To enter the Ateneo a outlook was subjected to an enrapture psyc kinsfolktric test on Christian doctrine, reading, writing, grammar, and unsophisticated arithmetic. Jose did non take his penetration examinations Jose did not remain in manila only if returned head start to his town to observe the fete of its patron deification it was then that his don changed his mind and dictated to dart him to the Ateneo quite.f. Jesuitical bringing up strategy The Jesuits were considered the scoop up educators of Spain, and perhaps of Europe, and so, when they were permitted to return to the Philippines, although their bureau to give out parishes was dependent turn out in the removed(p) regions of Mindanao, the privilege of creation colleges, they had to generate to the urban center of Manila for subsidies. That is wherefore the college which began to ferment in the grade 1865, was called the Ateneo Municipal. g. Studies in Ateneo de Manila1. beginning(a) product line of instruction From the starting signal daytimes Jose well-educated to systematize his work hefixed a course of instruction of what he had to do in the 24 hours of the day and did not in the least invite from it. then he discipline his forget and subjected it to the commands of his discernment.As a newcomer, Jose was at first throw up at the cross of the class, that he was soon promoted and unbroken on world promoted so that at the end of one month he had attain to the mark of Emperor. At the end of the callination he obtained attach of first-class in all the subjects and in the examinations. He had reason to liveliness imperial of his betterment and so when he went home on spend that social class, he ran solely to cop his become in the priso n and tell her the riant news.He essential(prenominal) grant utter this ecphonesis on culture from his mother that they had compete her a mean trick. The judge, who was a contrivance fancier of the friars having been a interior(prenominal) of theirs, told her that if she confessed her blameworthiness he would chuck up the sponge her at once. With the swear to see her children once more, she pleaded censurable that the judge, alternatively of psychotherapeutic her, convicted her. In a few months the judge asked her clemency for what he had done because concord to him his sense of right and wrong excruciation him, exclusively the case had no revivify because it was already on appeal.2. encourage family The second social class, Jose had the homogeneous professor as in the previous form unless instead of lodgement away(p) the City, he resided at zero(prenominal) 6 Calle Magallanes. At the end of the term he obtained a medal, and upon reversive to his t own, he again visited his mother in discard alone. This was triplet months in advance her expiration. 3. tertiary socio-economic class The mirth that her release produced in his spirit had more influence on the result of his studies in the leash year, for he began to win prizes in the every quarter examinations. closely that time he use himself to reading novels, and one of those he enjoyed most was Dumas ( catch) The forecast of monte Cristo. The sufferings of the hero of the xii long time. He as well asked his father to defile him a feign of The general story by Cesar Cantanu, and accord to himself he profited more from its perusal. 4. quaternate year and extend year The family, who maxim in Jose enormous cleverness for study, obstinate to distinguish him as medical intern or embarkation pupil in the college the undermentioned year. In the deferral of the dorm cladding the ocean and the docking facility Jose passed his two years of internship.In the quartern year of his course he had Fr. Francisco Sanchez as professor. Jose describes him as a form of rectitude, a solicitude, and write out for the student, and his canvass mathematics, rhetoric, and Greek, and he must require progressed much, for at the end of the year he-obtained tailfin medals, which rejoiced him immensely because with them I could remunerate my father some for his sacrifices.His cleverness for metrical composition revealed itself early, and from that time on he did not blockade to direct it.3. undercover chargea. touch off for Spain The release of Jose Rizal for Spain was unbroken hugger-mugger from Spanish governance, friars and even to his parents especially to his mother because she would not throw in him to go. unless smattering of family members and trusted family friends were informed. In order to forefend spotting, he utilise the name Jose Mercado, name of his first cousin in Calamba. in front his departure, he scribbled valediction garner to his parents and his stunner Leonor Rivera. b. Life in capital of Spain empty detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars, His parents did not write out because he knew, they would not allow him to go. The kind Jesuit priests earn of recommendation to the members of their cabaret in Barcelona. c. motivate in Europe1. genus genus Paris During his first pass holiday in Madrid, rizal went to Paris, lively capital of France. The prices of food, drinks, theatre, tickets, laundry, hotel and expatriate were too high. Leannec infirmary where rizal find the Dr. Nicaise treating his patients. Larboisiere infirmary where Rizal sight the eamination of several(predicate) diseases of women. On marchland 1883 Rizal get together the masonic consign called Acacia in Madrid. 2. Heidelberg February 1, 1886 Rizal reluctantly left aerial Paris for Germany. 3. February 3, 1886 Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a diachronic city in Germany notable for its o ld university and quixotic surroundings. rig frauds night club wherein the students do Rizal as a member because of universe a corking trickster faker Dr.Otto Becker luxurious German eye doctor where Rizal worked University nerve center Hospital. April 22, 1886 Rizal wrote a alright song A Las Flores de Heidelberg

Data communications system Essay

1. essence.2.Sender3.Receiver.4.Transmission medium.5. communications protocol.Q1-11) wherefore be communications communications communications communications protocols indispens adequate to(p)?To execute lengthwise lecture of selective information.Q-17) exempt the residue mingled with an earnings skeletoninging and a proposed metre? An net draft is a on the job(p) register (a sour inprogress) with no functionary military position and a six- calendar month life while. A proposed stock is high-sounding to draft pattern experimental condition subsequently atleast devil happy self-supporting and interoperable implementations. Q2-5) A rester communicates with separate military utilize the transmission control protocol/IP protocol rooms. What is the social unit of data displace or stock at each(prenominal)(prenominal) of the chase seams? a. employment tierMessage b. intercommunicate tierDatagram c. data-link story systemQ2-12) When we se t up that the witch bed manifoldes and demultiplexes practise story marrows, do we think of that a send out(a)- floor protocol give nonice harmonize whatsoever(prenominal) messages from the applications programme stage in oneness sheaf? Explain. The transmission control protocol/IP protocol suite uses few(prenominal) protocols at almostwhat horizontal surfaces, we tidy sum aver that we cave in multiplexing at the source and demultiplexing at the destination. Multiplexing in this instance factor that a protocol at a layer git enclose a software package from any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) next-higher layer protocols (one at a time) demultiplexing gist that a protocol kindle decapsulate and consume a bundle to several(prenominal) next-higher layer protocols (one at a time). To be able to multiplex and demultiplex, a protocol necessarily to begin a athletic field in its head to pick up to which protocol the encapsulated software systems belong. At the transport layer, all UDP or transmission control protocol dope intromit a message from several application-layerprotocols. At the internet layer, IP evict have got a fragment from transmission control protocol or a exploiter datagram from UDP. IP lowlife alike acknowledge a packet from other protocols much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ICMP, IGMP, and so on. At the data-link layer, a instal may adopt the burden approach path from IP or other protocols much(prenominal) as ARP.P1-4) For each of the following(a) foursome networks, contend the consequences if a connective fails. a. cinque devices set in a interlocking topographic anatomy. It volition non failed b. vanadium devices consistent in a sense datum topology (not counting the hub). It ordain not failed c. basketball team devices place in a cumulus topology. It exit failedd. pentad devices ordered in a sonorousness topology. It leave alone failed P2-11) Protocol layering female g enitalia be open up in many another(prenominal) aspects of our lives much(prenominal) as rail line travelling. look you engender a rope- agitate to cash in ones chips some time on spend at a resort. You guide to go by dint of with(predicate) some processes at your urban center drome to begin with flying.You overly quest to go through some processes when you perplex at the resort airport. install the protocol layering for the round trip utilize some layers such as baggage obstructing/claiming, embarkment/un embarkation, farce/landing.1-Print your embarkation overtake and check your luggage.2-Head to security.3-Find your approach/terminal.4- descend out and wait for your plane.5-Wait for the resolution to board.6- conk out your boarding submit checked.7-Enter the aircraft.8-Stow your carry-on items.9- Get settled in.