The Tension Between the Apology and Crito Essays -

From time to time, somebody will say something at one point throughout everyday life and later on life state something that repudiates the primary explanation. Much of the time, these announcements get unnoticed or disregarded in light of the fact that we are for the most part human and may have various suppositions at various examples in time. We could likewise say that the individual who negated themselves didn't completely build up their musings and that is the reason they were conflicting in their contemplations. On account of Socrates, there is an irregularity issue between two writings since he seems to state one thing in the Apology and the inverse in Crito. It is archived that in one content he says that regardless of the case one should consistently comply with the law and in the other content he says one must resist the law if out of line. From the start, it appears that Socrates is conflicting and on account of reasoning inconsistency is unsatisfactory except if defended. Because of the way that Socrates is such splendid psyche and a popular scholar we should investigate this issue to the profound roots so as to determine the issue. In the wake of diving into this theme further, I will clarify that the irregularity issue is explained by Socrates predictable confidence in the initiative of god. In what follows, I will depict why there is strain between the two messages and give you my translation of Socrates convictions. Let us start by building up the foundation of the story and afterward summing up information exchanged by Socrates in the two sections. We don't have the specific record of what happened in light of the fact that there were no records continued during his lifetime yet we do have what is believed to be an exact depiction. It is stated, Socrates was blamed for both formal and casual charges. The proper charges against him are for defiling the young and venerating bogus divine beings. The casual charges blame him for being a Sophist. Because of the conventional charges, Socrates is put being investigated and allowed to argue his case. During the preliminary Socrates is attempting to persuade the jury that he isn't a Sophist and clarifies he doesn't aside from installment for opening the psyches of others. He proceeds to guard himself by undermining his informers and communicates his dependability to Apollo. During Socrates resistance in the Apology, he states ?Suppose ? you were to stat e to me, ?Socrates, we won't obey Anytus this time. Rather, we are set up to release you. In any case, on the accompanying condition: that you invest no more energy in this examination and don?t practice reasoning, and if you?re discovered doing as such, beyond words.? All things considered, as I just stated, if you somehow happened to release me on these footing, I?d answer to you, ?I?ve the most extreme regard and friendship for you, men of Athens, yet I?ll comply with the god instead of you, and as long as I draw breath and am capable, I won?t quit any pretense of rehearsing theory? (29c-d). This announcement understands that if Socrates were requested by law to quit rehearsing reasoning that he would defy orders and not adhere to the law. Toward the finish of the preliminary, Socrates is seen as liable and condemned to death. In the wake of being condemned, Socrates is sent to be held detained until it is the ideal opportunity for his execution. During his bondage, Crito; a steadfast companion of Socrates drops by and shares the news with Socrates that his execution day in is the not so distant future. Crito then says that he has an arrangement to help Socrates escape, escape the city, and maintain a strategic distance from his execution. He expresses that he and others are eager to acknowledge the outcomes whatever they might be to spare the life of their dear companion Socrates. In spite of the fact that he examines getting away, Socrates settles on the choice it is uncalled for to defy the law and in Crito says, ?in war and in law courts, and wherever else, [you must] do whatever your city or father land orders or, in all likelihood convince it with respect to what is extremely just? (51b-c). This announcement peru ses that whatever it is that the courts orders are preeminent and the law must be followed in all conditions except if you can convince the

Watchmen

The Mysterious Building My preferred short story was the â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† composed by Josh Alike. The story was occurring during Halloween In London and about this person Jason that needs to know why everybody needs to go home by 5 o'clock consistently. Just certain individuals know why. MISS Golden (Bernice), a companion of Jason, realizes why yet can't tell anybody. One night, Jason went inside the structure utilizing the emergency exit to perceive what goes on in the structure after dim. Jason experienced entryways and heard a ringer that was ringing unobtrusively and afterward was quieted. At that point Jason heard this individual murmuring â€Å"Daisy, Daisy† (Ms.Bell). Jason said that he wasn't Daisy and the voice said he was on private property and he shouldn't be here. This individual was pushing Jason to the emergency exit. Jason ran down the emergency exit as quick as could reasonably be expected. The following day Miss Golden saw Season's ha ir and it was a textured silver shading. Miss Golden inquired as to whether he went into the structure the previous evening after everybody left. Jason said â€Å"Tell me the genuine story. † This person William Heron, the howling guards, really liked Ms. Chime. Ms. Ringer would each individuals the harp, and at eleven dock every night they have an excursion supper.One night, the gatekeeper would propose to her however she never appeared. Ms. Ringer was utilizing a graham chime to wake herself up at ten to meet him and that night the ringer fizzled and she missed gathering William. So MISS Golden and Jason figured they can get the gatekeepers and Ms. Ringer back together in such a case that you see the gatekeepers you have five days to live. One night they went into the structure to get them back together. They woke up Ms. Ringer to go meet the guards. The guardians and Ms. Chime got together finally. Miss Golden and Jason Jumped out of the emergency exit together. Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† is my preferred short story in view of tension, the setting and imagery of Ms. Ringer and the gatekeepers. Anticipation is one of the scholarly components that helped makes this story somewhat startling. It was thrilling when everybody needed to leave the structure by 5 clock pm. I thought about what Jason Is going to discover in the structure when he went in there night-time. Is Jason going to live for five days after he left the structure? A dramatic second Is when â€Å"Jason opened an entryway at arbitrary; at that point another, workplaces lay wherever about him, vacant and forbidding† (50).Jason figures he shouldn't be in there. Everything appeared individuals simply left however he could even now feel a nearness of somebody there. The setting is another part that is my preferred artistic component that helped make this story spring up. The setting was in London during Halloween around evening time. Jason and Miss Golden went down the emergency exit ten minutes before 12 PM. At that point Jason said â€Å"We don't need our night to be ruined by the idea of a revile hanging over us† (56). Jason needs to ensure the revile won't come true.Jason and Miss brilliant Jumped out of the structure so they don't need to manage the revile If It ever works out as expected. Finally, imagery Is one of the abstract components that helped make this story one of a kind. The blossoms mean love. The harp implies Ms. Ringer Is around playing/showing her harp. The bike implies the guardians is around some place. The guardians dinner consistently at eleven† (52). They had an exceptionally solid relationship. Whoever you will be, you are consistently novel. Tension, setting and imagery of Ms. Ringer and the gatekeepers made â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle my preferred short story.This story was somewhat startling yet in addition a romantic tale. Tension, setting and imagery all fit in this story since they all have their significa nt parts. I think Miss Golden and Jason ought to have lived as opposed to going down the emergency exit. I preferred how the guardians and Ms. Chime had various gifts. I likewise feel that the book ought to have went on and said what the guardians and Ms. Ringer did after the guardians propose to her. This is my preferred short story since I think it had a variety of parts when anticipation came in so you need to continue perusing.

Singing, Slashing, Sweeney Todd Professor Ramos Blog

Singing, Slashing, Sweeney Todd All through the nineteenth century, the distributing marvel of the penny awful was in full swing. A penny horrible was a modest and well known type of sequential writing that was being delivered in the United Kingdom. This writing was predominately loaded up with grisly savagery and repulsions that permitted the psyches of Victorian perusers to spin out of control with interest. A side-effect of the penny appalling was a character known as Sweeney Todd in a story called The String of Pearls (1946-47). Todd was a hair stylist in a flourishing barbershop on Fleet Street who was a neighbor to a lady named Mrs. Lovett, who intrigued with Todd in the homicide of a few clients that would enter his shop. The character of Sweeney Todd has been adjusted into a wide range of structures since its introduction. One of the latest and advanced adjustments of Sweeney Todd is the film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Hairdresser of Fleet Street (2007) coordinated by Tim Burton. Through a further investigation of the two stories, it is conceivable to break down Todd, not just as a artistic character who has earned a lot of prevalence, yet additionally a enormity. By distinguishing the qualities and story-based habituality of Todd, there can be a significant measure of proof that escapes to Todd being described as beast and how the story curve added to the advancement of Todd as a appalling character. This investigation is inferred by using Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s beast hypothesis and its numerous postulations and applications to the narrative of Sweeney Todd. ​To start, Todd will be examined by applying the main postulation of Cohen’s beast hypothesis. Theory one examines the possibility of the monster’s body as a social body. As expressed by Cohen, â€Å"[t]he beast is brought into the world just at this allegorical junction, as an encapsulation of a specific social moment.† This permits the beast to make a feeling of dread in the crowd by prying legitimately at genuine occasions. By acclimatizing itself with genuine occasions, the relatability is further opened to the crowd. As far as Sweeney Todd, as a character, his mass was additionally gotten straightforwardly from the real factors that were influencing the time. As far as Todd, as a beast, he was enormous due to the generally ordinary nature of his activity, turned into a dreadful bogus truth of a â€Å"Demon Barber.† It was standard to the time in London, just as different parts of the world for men to go to barbershops to get a shave. As a result of that it made the character of Sweeney Todd show up as an individual whom one would not suspect to submit such grim acts. With respect to Mrs. Lovett, her character was a case of the obscenities that individuals may have been encountering in terms of the food business of the time. As talked about in an article by Rosalind Hag, called â€Å"From Sawney Beane to Sweeney Todd: Murder machines in the mid-nineteenth century metropolis,† Crone attests that â€Å"Mrs. Lovett’s pies drew on worries about the utilization of ailing meat in items for human utilization, furthermore, much more especially, fears about the weakness of urban staples to human pollution because of seriously kept up sewage frameworks and packed internment grounds† (Crone 19). That, somewhat, was the reason the story of Sweeney Todd was so generally welcomed. The narratives capacity to contact its crowd also, make a feeling of social relatability plainly affected its accomplishment in now is the ideal time. That is only one case of how Sweeney Todd can be broke down utilizing Cohen’s Monster Theory, presently the time has come to take a gander at Todd from the following. ​To proceed in the investigation of Todd utilizing Cohen’s Monster Theory, it is critical to feature another of Cohen’s propositions. This is the place it is central to take a gander at â€Å"Thesis VII: The Monster Stands at the Threshold†¦of Becoming.† The motivation behind why it is critical to follow Thesis I with Thesis VII is on the grounds that it permits a superior perception of Todd’s improvement as a horrifying animal. So as to completely comprehend his character, it is critical to think about his character and purpose behind his enormity. In the first story, The String of Pearls, Todd is introduced as a stylist who has taken a man named Lieutenant Thornhill (who is accepted to be Mark Ingestrie utilizing an alternate name) as detainee, as he comes into the shop for a shave. Imprint is then compelled to work for Todd in the vault and make pies out of his casualties. The story proceeds by expounding on the entirety of the manners by wh ich Johanna, Mark’s spouse to be, continues in discovering her dearest Mark. Johanna does this by masking herself as a kid, so as to, become an understudy of Sweeney Todd, following the capture of his past student, Tobias, and examine the vanishing of her pledged. When Mark at long last got away from the vault by utilizing the lift that the pies are moved on, he gets to the pie shop where he uncovers to the clients that Lovett’s pies are made of human substance. This is the place Lovett is then set to be captured, however Todd has set toxic substance in her cognac bottle which makes her pass on before being captured. Todd is then captured and hung, permitting Johanna and Mark to wed and live their lives joyfully together. This all takes into account an intriguing story, however the genuine base of the issue is that Todd is a killer. All through the String of Pearls, the genuine intention in these killings is rarely obviously expressed, in this way leaving the crowd to induce which thought process they accept is the most coherent or to contemplate if these demonstrations were done only out of negligible craziness. Todd murders individuals of influence and riches and denies them of their wealth. Strangely, Todd doesn't seem to appreciate the murdering or the wealth, he executes practically aloof and does as such without regret for his activities. His thought processes, be that as it may, are all the more intensely bolstered in the later interpretation of the story. In Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Todd is given a more inside and out foundation that takes into account an alternate degree of compassion from the crowd than that of the Sweeney Todd in The String of Pearls. His homicides are nearly legitimized by a point of view that they are exclusively retaliation driven, contradicted to the murdering he does in The String of Pearls, because of what is essentially thought to be a result of his madness. In the new adjustment, most his killings all fall out of spotlight as entertainer, Johnny Depp, breaks into melody. They are delineated with the entirety of their graphicness, however they all appear to be practically unimportant to Todd since they are not the individual that he is aching to murder lastly seek retribution on. In the film, the individual that Todd is attempting to seek retribution on is an appointed authority that improperly condemned him to jail time so as to take Todd’s spouse and later on attempt to wed Todd’s little girl. This is the center motivation behind why Todd is accepted to have gone crazy in the film.This adjustment of the story considers the activities of Todd to be advocated somewhat. Aside from the homicide of the appointed authority, be that as it may, it is as yet absurd to attempt to legitimize the different various killings he performs all through the film in anticipation of his hotly anticipated retribution. About halfway through the film Todd has a scene where h e and Mrs. Lovett are in his shop, only minutes after he got an opportunity to kill the appointed authority, where he clarifies that he is going to â€Å"cleanse† the universe of what he accepted to be â€Å"vermin.† That is the place the film varies extraordinarily from the first and permits the crowd to identify and comprehend a more profound storyline as far as Todd’s murders. ​Finally, the last Cohen’s Thesis VI can be talked about. Proposal VI talked about the way that the â€Å"Fear of the Monster is Really a Kind of Desire.† The character of Sweeney Todd is a fascinating beast with regards to terms of this in light of the fact that in his various depictions, the portrayal contrasts significantly. That, be that as it may, is one thing that has attracted individuals to the account of Sweeney Todd and therefore, why there has been a few forms and adjustments of the story. The immediate depiction from the first story follows all things considered: â€Å"The hairdresser himself was a long, low-jointed, badly set up kind of individual, with a tremendous mouth, and such gigantic hands and feet, that he was, in his direction, a serious normal interest; and, what was progressively superb, thinking about his exchange, there never was considered such to be head of hair as Sweeney Todds† (Rymer). The character depicted in that statement was not in any manner meant the film adaption, where the character of Sweeney Todd was depicted by entertainer, Johnny Depp. The executive of the film attempted to depict Sweeney Todd as more truly attractive. This took into account an all the more captivating depiction that interests straightforwardly to Cohen’s Thesis VI. This is portrayed in the film all through a wide range of scenes where Mrs. Lovett is as yet attracted to Todd, paying little heed to the way that he is killing individuals and in an extremely emotional scene even compromises her. Depp’s depiction of Todd is an away from of how the character was changed, so as to interest the crowd and upgrade the craving towards Todd. ​ To close, there is a plenty of data that exist concerning examining and understanding Sweeney Todd as a colossal character. The manner in which Todd is utilized to address the social apprehensions of the time added to the dread he gathered. Next, the character improvement as far as how he came to be permitted the crowd to decipher the beast that Todd is for themselves. Ultimately, the way his portrayal influences his giant on the grounds that the dread he gets from others is too legitimately connected to his attractive quality. Todd falls straightforwardly into the class of psychopathic killer and plainly fits well. Todd is a genuine case of a lethal beast b

Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Essay

Monetary, Social, and Political Change Worksheet - Essay Example Changes in western legislative issues are consolidated, that spread over the area through cooperation in progressivism and network declarations notwithstanding the restraint by preservationists and the endeavor of political battle and realpolitiks. Following a move from means to business cultivating, in the start of the sixteenth century, there was improvement in domesticated animals the executives, just as presentation new turns, which cleared in a route for more creation from customary to current practices in Agriculture (Bayliss-Smith &Wanmali, 1984). The prior open field frameworks had established the framework for the cultivating shift in Europe, however it was later supplanted by encased fields and progressively reduced homesteads, it was a piece of premise in upheaval. Most piece of Northern and Eastern Europe experienced mild climatic conditions, aside from the leveled fields and slopes that could contain further soils to help Agricultural unrest. The general public saw an incredible change in populace development following the huge creation of food. The death rate was high with the whole populace expanding at a higher rate than food creation. â€Å"In 1800, Europe had around 190 million individuals; by 1850, 250 million. By 1914, it had 460 million† (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, and Laue, 2009, p. 501). The modern insurgency was at first credited to the populace development in the public arena which gave sufficient work power to deliver enough assets from horticulture, to ventures for handling and assembling. Automation likewise assumed its job, permitting the presentation of hardware, and further developed types of gear for use in plants and cultivating; the steam motors were concocted to siphon water from the mines. Exchange heightened following interest of food and different items from the populace, which constrained mechanical upheaval in the district and different pieces of the world. Between

Sustainability in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Manageability in business - Essay Example At long last, the undertaking presents a portion of the reactions that the organizations needed to confront and the means taken by them to counter the charges. Each business endeavors to achieve maintainability in today’s world. Manageability is a thought that each business attempts to depict. An economical association is one, which attempts to expand benefit for its investors while securing its condition and improves the lives of those it collaborates with. The business works with the view to meet the interests of society and condition. A reasonable business consistently has the potential for success to make more prominent progress in future and stay fruitful for a considerable length of time and ages. This venture discusses three such companies which flourish with manageability. They are the three Italian organizations, to be specific Fiat, Pirelli and Luxottica. Each organization has its own specific manner of looking after supportability. Every ha been examined in a nutshell in this venture. The undertaking additionally talks about the manner in which each organization has cleared its approach to recuperation and achievement. Fiat is an Italian car maker organization that likewise manages budgetary administrations, media, motor producer and metallurgy. The organization was established in 1899 by a gathering of speculators in Italy. With time the organization broadened its activity in various pieces of the world. In 2009, Fiat was considered as the 6th biggest vehicle producer on the planet and the biggest in Italy (Ramsey and Forden, 2009). Fiat is a global in evident sense. The organization has put resources into numerous areas outside Italy. It has declared to put 10 billion reais in Brazil by 2015; for creating offices for vehicles, automobile parts and agrarian hardware (Reuters, 2010). The organization appeared in 1899 and soon it was an extraordinary hit in the vehicle business. The organization confronted its first emergency after World War-I. Around then the organization obtained an ease large scale manufacturing innovation and presented a few new models. Fiat built up numerous

Security Is a Misnomer

Security Is a Misnomer We are but dogs, leashed by fear, thrashing in the collars of our own obligations. People often hang on to thingsâ€"jobs, relationships, material possessionsâ€"in an effort to feel secure. Unfortunately, many of the things we cling to in search of security, actually drain the satisfaction from our lives, leaving us discontented and overwhelmed. We hold on to jobs we dislike because we believe theres security in a paycheck. We stay in shitty relationships because we think theres security in not being alone. We hold on to stuff we dont need, just in case we might need it down the road in some nonexistent, more secure future. But if such accruements are flooding your life with discontent, they are not secure. In fact, the opposite is true. Discontent is uncertainty. And uncertainty is insecurity. Hence, by definition, if you are not happy with your situation, no matter how comfortable it is, then you wont ever feel secure. Take, for example, us: Joshua and Ryan. We both embraced the ostensible security of prestigious careers and of all the cold trappings of our entropic consumer culture. The super-sized houses. The steady paychecks. The pacifying material possessions. Wed purchased all the purchases, accumulated all the accumulations, and achieved all the achievements that were supposed to make us feel secure. So why didnt we experience real security? Why were we glazed with discontent and stress and depression? Because we had more to lose. Wed constructed well-decorated walls that we were terrified to tear down, becoming prisoners of our own consumption. Our lifestyles, equipped with a laundry list of unquestioned desires, anchored us to our self-built burdens. We thought we knew what we wanted, but we didnt know why we wanted it. It turned out our paychecks made us feel less secure, afraid wed be deprived of the income wed grown accustomed to and the lifestyles wed blindly coveted. And our material possessions exposed countless twinges of insecurity, leaving us frightened that wed suffer loss of our personal property or that someone would take it from us. So we clutched tighter onto these security blankets. But you see, its not the security blanket that ensures a persons security. People latch on to security blankets because theres a deeper fear lingering at the ragged edges of a discontented reality; theres something else were afraid of. The fear of loss. Were afraid of losing love or respect or comfort. Its this fear that keeps us tied to mediocrity. Were willing to sacrifice growth and purpose and meaning in our lives, just to hold on to our pacifiers, all the while searching all the wrong places for security, misguidedly programming ourselves to believe theres a strange kind of certainty within uncertainty. But the more we amass, the more we need our stockpile, and then the more uncertain we feel. Needing more will always lead to a pall of uncertainty and insecurity. Life isnt meant to be completely safe. Real security, however, is found inside us, in consistent personal growth, not in a reliance on growing external factors. Once we extinguish our outside requirements for the things that wont ever make us truly secureâ€"a fat paycheck, a sybaritic relation, a shiny new widgetâ€"we can shepherd our focus toward whats going on inside us, no longer worshiping the things around us. Sure, we all need a particular level of external security to function: food, water, shelter, clothes, health, personal safety,  positive relationships. But if we jettison lifes superfluous excess, we can find infinite security within ourselves. Security blanket or no, we can be absolutely secure alone in an empty room. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

3 Tips for Your Law School Application

The law school admissions process might seem pretty straightforward—submit LSAT scores and write a killer personal statement. Easy enough, right? Well, in many ways, it is actually that simple. But there are actually numerous â€Å"behind-the-scenes† factors to consider in formulating the basic requirements of an application. The first step in the admissions process is taking the LSAT. Your LSAT score will determine which schools are in your range, since the LSAT tends to be the largest factor in admissions, you’ll be able to create a concise list of schools, taking into account other important factors such as cost, environment, career goals, and areas of study. Below are some lesser-considered tips and tricks to help you make the most of your law school application process, once you’ve created your list of schools. 1. Save some $$ Law school admissions can be very pricey. Almost all of the applications have hefty fees, often at least $100. This can be limiting for many in the application process, since spending upwards of $500 to apply to five schools can be daunting. Most people will want to apply to many more schools in order to maximize their chances at acceptances and scholarships. Many people don’t realize that it is often quite easy to have these application fees waived. Make sure to sign up for e-mail lists through LSAC, so that law schools know to contact you. They will frequently send out application fee waivers, meaning it would cost you nothing to apply. These waivers are worth the many â€Å"spam†-like e-mails that may make you hesitate to sign up. If there’s a school you’d really like to apply to but the cost of applying is holding you back, e-mail the admissions office and ask if they’d be willing to waive the application fee. Many schools readily grant these re quests, allowing you to apply at no extra cost. This can be especially helpful for applying to backup schools, where you might not necessarily want to spend the extra cash, but would feel far more comfortable in the process with more applications. That being said, you should only apply to schools you are seriously interested in attending. But, as with college applications, it is always a good idea to apply to a spectrum of schools. 2. Location, Location, Location! It’s incredibly important to remember that when you choose a law school, you are choosing a home for the next three years—and possibly beyond—of your life. It’s common to apply to schools and not seriously consider where they are geographically located. It’s easy to talk ourselves into any location if the school checks off the right boxes. Geography doesn’t always seem like a big factor in the application process and many applicants will send out tens of applications all across the country. However, I’d like to offer that this is not a good approach. Most law school applicants are in their 20s or 30s, which tend to be formative and important years in our lives. When choosing where to apply to law school, don’t discount where and what kind of life you want to live. For example, perhaps your LSAT scores and GPA render you a good candidate for a law school in Florida. Yet, if your friends and family all live in a different state, a nd you don’t enjoy warm weather, you might be incredibly unhappy living in sunny Florida for three years. If you’re unhappy in your general environment, law school will be far more difficult. Law school is three rigorous years, and having a comfortable home escape is necessary for maintaining mental health and happiness. You should seriously consider which geographic areas make sense for you. Location is also a relevant factor for some practice areas and job markets. There are certain areas of law more relevant in particular parts of the country, and less relevant in others. (Think: studying tech law in California vs. Nebraska.) Law school classes might reflect those differences. In my law school, which was located within the jurisdiction of the Second Circuit, writing assignments almost always required Second Circuit law. There also might be more externship opportunities in the relevant areas of law. Moreover, employers often want to hire people who know the law and are committed to the area where they intend to practice. If you are set on living and practicing in Boston, it might make sense to focus your applications in the Boston area. If you are particularly focused on policy and lawmaking, you might want to consider schools near or around Washington D.C. Don’t overlook this important factor in choosing a law school. 3. Answering the â€Å"Why this law school?† Question This question comes up quite often in the admissions process and you will want to have a rock-solid answer prepared for each school you apply to. For some, this question will comprise an extra essay question, or even form the basis for a scholarship application. These answers can have a heavy impact on your application, so you’ll want to make sure your answer is good. The best answers for these questions are genuine. Law school admissions officers want to see earnest writing. Simply spitting back facts from the law schools admissions brochures won’t cut it. The admissions officers wrote those materials and will quickly recognize the disingenuous tropes. Try to put yourself in an admissions officer’s position—if you read your response, would you believe you really wanted to go to that particular school? Take some time to think about what makes this school stand out to you. Consider speaking with current or former students to get an insider's perspective on what the school is really like and how it makes you feel. Look at which student groups are active on campus, not simply listed on the website. Think about how your experiences in life might have led you to this school. Look into which faculty are doing current research and on what. Note how the school’s philosophies and approach to learning align with your own. If you can, visit the school and see what it’s like day-to-day. Get to know the culture and atmosphere so you can put forward an earnest response. You might find you actually don’t really like that school, and save yourself the cost and effort of applying. The admissions process can be difficult. There are many factors that go into a law school application. I hope these tips will help guide you through some aspects of the process you might not have considered yet. We encourage our clients to reach out to us when they are first considering law school, so that we can help you strategize your admissions process, allocating time and resources efficiently to both LSAT preparation and admissions coaching. However, we are happy to help you at any stage of the process. Our tutors, like Rachel, can not only help you master the LSAT, but also guide you through the crafting of a polished, well-written, and impactful application. ; Want to learn more about the law school admissions process? Check out some of our previous blog posts below! Five Tips to Survive Law School Application Season The Biggest Mistake Students Make on Law School Statements An Insider's Scoop on the Top 5 Law Schools of 2019

A Sociological view of Divorce Essays - 4317 Words

They were the family you always wish you had†¦ The Cleavers. Wise and wonderful Ward. A pal as well as a Dad. June. The perfect wife and mother. Big brother Wally. Popular, smart and athletic – one tough act to follow. And last but definitely not least, hapless, irrepressible Theodore, a.k.a. â€Å"the Beaver,† just a regular kid trying his best to stay out of trouble while finding a thousand ways to place himself at trouble’s doorstep. Leave it to Beaver. It was the television hit in the ‘60s that hallmarked the phrase, â€Å" The American Family† and made it its own. Introduction: Here we are, 40 years later, in the midst of social turmoil, where the values and principles such as the family unit that were once our†¦show more content†¦Such perspectives are theories, or a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events. I would like to take a deeper look at the United State’s current rising divorce rate and its affect on our adolescents, from an interactionist perspective. Interactionists viewpoints are based on the assumption that society is the sum of the meaning of the interactions of the individuals and groups. This perspective focuses on behavior or on each person’s interpretation or definition of a given situation. The relation of divorce to this macro-level interactionist theory is that divorce is primarily dependent on humans living in cohesive groups or not, and communicating and its affects on the members involved. Research shows that the wrenching act of divorce and the los s of that original unit and the hope tied to it is often irreplaceable for a child and has a permanent affect of cataclysmic proportions (Preston 12). And children of divorced households, appear to show higher expectations of divorce and to have higher divorce rates later in life, and less desire to have children (â€Å"How Might Divorce Affect My Child’s Behavior?† 2000). Thus completing the downward spin of the deterioration in family units and the increase of the divorce rate. Personal Trouble: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I have been blessed to be born and raised in an intact household and to have a close family. But I have been in the companyShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills969 Words   |  4 Pages C. Wright Mills defined sociological imagination as the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society. Understanding and being able to exercise the sociological imagination helps us understand the relationship between the individual and society. Mills focuses on the distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Having sociological imagination is critical for individual people and societies at large to understand. It is important that people areRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Their Behaviors1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming more and more acceptable to get a divorce. Even the word family itself has changed so drastically, it’s no wonder divorce is so high. What many people don†™t realize is that divorce can possibly have a serious effect on children and their behaviors. Many studies have been conducted and have shown a variety of long term, as well as short term effects that children have developed after they’ve experienced going through divorce, one effect divorce could have on children is the risk of theRead MoreSociology : An American Sociologist C. Wright Mills1204 Words   |  5 Pagesin the sociological world. Sociology also helps us to recognize our position in the society by our â€Å"sociological imagination.† An American sociologist C. Wright Mills created the term sociological imagination to know our interdependent relationship between who we are as individual and the influences around us that shape our lives. By imagining how our actions might look to another person, we can have a better understanding on ourselves and our social worlds. Mills argued that the sociological imaginationRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Social Issues957 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration the fact that sociological issues within that society may have also attributed to that problem taking place. C. Wright Mills (2010) believed that â€Å"neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society could be understood without understanding both†, and with this in mind he came up with the concept of Sociological Imagination. This concept required people to think outside of the familiar routines of their daily lives in order to see them from a new point of view (Giddens Sutton, 2013)Read MoreMarriage, Divorce, And Cultural Changes Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing married. It has been led by the social changes/views, marriage, gender roles, and religion. According to my notes, â€Å"Cohabiting is more common among: lower level of education, insecurity, previously married people, parental divorce, and those with liberal attitudes about marriage and divorce. Now the question is, why is cohabiting increasing? Its due to delayed marriage, reduced economic incentive to marry, reduced risk of pregnancy, divorce, and cultural changes.† In the article, â€Å"How CohabitationRead MoreMarriage Is A Social Institution1078 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriage have been changed by the trend of the social, the culture consequence, the bond between marriage and parenthood. He also expresses the marriage trend ran down significantly in the United States. This phenomenon as a sociological imagination shows the marriage and divorce now are not only concern a private matter, it starts to translate to a public issue so this essay starts with how marriage concern a social problem. 2nd paragraph: The background of the author the summary of this articlesRead MoreSociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1138 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout our lives we encounter numerous personal troubles, no matter big ones or trivial ones. However, one may seldom relate their problems in a sociological level rather often try to ascribe the blame to their personal wrongs. In this essay I would introduce the topic of sociological imagination coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills, describing how personal matters have all sorts of interwoven relationships with social issues. It is also important to realize that there are distinctions betweenRead MoreThe And Structure Of Family1095 Words   |  5 Pagesthree categories of time. (Van Krieken et al. 2017, p. 107). The pre-industrial family (up until the early 19th century), the early industrial family (Industrial Revolution - early 20th century) and the symmetrical family (20th century onwards). Sociological pe rspectives such as Marxism, functionalism and feminism all adhere to the structure within the household and how this shapes the definition of family. Throughout the pre-industrial family unit, the ‘head of the family’ was predominantly theRead MoreSociological Imagination Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Imagination Nicole Badders Galen College of Nursing Professor Sanjay Sociological Imagination Social Imagination is defined as the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces (Conley, 2012, 5). C.Wright Mills’s theory was thought to help us connect what happens to us on a personal level to what is happening to society as a greater whole. This concept can be seen as a way to also help us realizeRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of divorce is entrenched in the very idea of marriage. The possibility of marriages breaking down has increased considerably with some statistics placing the rate at 50% of all marriages. Divorce is a legal term that represents the separation of two people who had previously entered into a marriage agreement. While the prevalence of divorce is astonishing, the effect these instances have on families is critical. Many of the people who are divorced have children, whom the divorce affects considerably

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El Dorado s Candide The Utopia That Wasn t. Candide

El Dorado in Candide: The Utopia That Wasn t Candide was a novel published in 1759 by Francois-Marie Arouet, known best by the pseudonym â€Å"Voltaire†. It was written primarily to satirize German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz s â€Å"theodicy†, which was a philosophy Leibniz designed to explain why evil exists in the world. He maintained that we live in the â€Å"best of all possible worlds†, an idea Voltaire dismantled in Candide with biting attacks on philosophy, religion, politics, and social order. One of the most unusual displays of satire he invoked was in the novel s description of El Dorado, which was apparently a utopian society. However, Voltaire rejects that ideal, not only with open satire but with subtext, and this is why Candide ultimately decides to leave. â€Å"They were obliged to creep along, from rock to rock, for the space of a league, till at length a spacious plain presented itself to their sight. This place was bounded by a chain of ina ccessible mountains† (125). This is Candide and Cacombo s first glimpse of El Dorado. The near impossibility of access to it is intriguing, because while it may protect the inhabitants from the outside world and the pollution of their society, it also means that egress is also just as difficult. This is proven when they decide to leave, and the vast undertaking it requires to get them out. Not everyone wanted to stay there after arrival; the Incas left to conquer other lands and Candide himself ends up wishing to leave. He

Essay on African theatre - 1586 Words

West African Theater Shreyang Prajapati Intermediate Theatre Period 3 09/12/13 African theatre is composed of live performances in which the action are carefully planned to give a powerful sense of drama through large actions and it comes from sub-Saharan Africa. African theatre is influenced by African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles originates from European presence, European education , and the artists training outside of Africa. The magnitude of foreign influence varies from country to country. This influence slowed the development of African theatre in Zimbabwe. For example, productions continued to exemplify Western theatre. The Afrocentricity in West Africa in†¦show more content†¦and Wole Soyinka. Ola and Wole spent many years as university playwrights/directors and their ability to stage their own works led them to have a strong theatric skill set. Wole Soyinka was a brilliant critic and satirist who was the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 86 was regarded as Africa’s best writer. His art reflects the difficulties facing an African playwright writing in English. He moved from naturalistic treatment of his subjects to the Yoruba view of subjects. His early satires The Trials of Brother Jero (1960) and Lion and the Jewel (1963) are popular with all English-speaking audiences. However the philosophical and verbal complexities in his later works are aimed at the select few. Death and the King’s Horseman (1975) and The Strong Breed (1963) are focused on the impact of cultural conflict. On the other hand, Soyinka’s political satires, such as Kongi’s Harvest (1965), are both raw and entertainment focused. A Dance of the Forests (1963) and The Road (1965) described the complicated dramatic paradoxes of African life through the Yoruba myths. Secondly, Soyinka criticized the myth of the glorious African past by rejecting the African concept that the revival of African culture has to come from African cultural heritage to be made for and performed to celebrate the Nigerian independence of October 1960. His drama became pessimistic after the civil war inShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Theatre And American Theater1902 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-American Theatre has gone through exponential changes throughout the course of American history. They have made a push towards defining theatre for a whole of African-American culture. In doing so, African-American actors, directors, technicians, and theatre entrepreneurs strive to be the very best in their field and â€Å"create a true American theatre† (Miller 335). The theatre challenges thespians to hold onto their roots but branch out and mingle with the culture of today. The African-AmericanRead MoreTheatre As A Form Of Entertainment1460 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre is the activity or profession of acting in, producing, directing, or writing plays. Theatre is where playwrights produce plays, directors manage rehearsals and actors enact on stage. The coming together of all those components make up theatre, but there’s also a small piece missing. Theatre is complete when an audience comes together to experience the play. Theatre to many people is a form of entertainment. Just like no w a days people go to the movies to indulge in a form of amusement, that’sRead MoreFences, By Eileen J. Morris968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fences† is a theatre play run at Ensemble Theatre, located in Houston and it was written by August Wilson and directed by Eileen J. Morris. Fences is the African-American story of a black family trying to settle in the middle of the American Pittsburgh urban area in the 1950s. Wilson made special attention to the details of the time and brought them to the present, in a nice and original everyday production. Fences play starts on a Friday, when Troy and Bono go to Troy s house as usual for theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Green Theatre At Detroit 67 And Took My Seat On Stage Right1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I walked into Paul Green Theatre to watch Detroit ‘67 and took my seat on stage right, my first thought was this story is going to be entirely depressing. The scene was a dingy living space of a family in the 1960’s with a cold concrete floor that served as a modest barrier between the stage and audience along with a dimly lit single room containing a couch and a record player in the front of the stage. I could almost feel the chilly aura being emitted from the concrete floor and poorly-paintedRead MoreInformative Outline on Nuclear Energy1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre Review Form ------------------------------------------------- Instructions ------------------------------------------------- 1. Your WOTA instructor will have provided you with details on the event and what they expect for proof of attendance. It would be a good idea to have this review form handy so that you know the questions you’ll be answering. Give yourself enough time to get seated and settled before the performance. ------------------------------------------------- 2. Do notRead MoreMexican Women in Mexican Revolution736 Words   |  3 Pagesit never took place. Eventhough, the injurious tragedy of events have not only been recorded in history books, but is an embeded trench in the memory in each mind of its survivors! In summary, I am reminded through Soldaderas that not only do African Americans have an enriching history of Kings, and Queens succumed by slavery resulting in a past that is rooted in shame. But, that every ethnic culture has a rich history that has experienced continual rape and molestation through the perpetuatorsRead MoreAnalysis Of I Will Point Out How Valerie Curtis Newton Directed Brothers ``1285 Words   |  6 Pagescomes to theatre as they are the artist who develop the characters, dialogue, theme, and the story of a play. However, playwriting is restricted to dialogue and stage directions so it is up to the director to have the artistic vision to transform the play script into a production. In this paper, I will point out how Valerie Curtis-Newton directed Sons, a play written by Oni Faida Lampley, with regards to the theatre size, actors, and different production aspects. Sons revolves around an African-AmericanRead MoreBiography Of Hairspray At Toby s Dinner Theatre1329 Words   |  6 PagesPrompt A The last play I went to was Hairspray at Toby’s Dinner Theatre in Columbia when I was 12.After reading the syllabus for class, I was very excited to see a theatrical performance especially at the age I am now because I’ll understand it more. I thought that the Bluest Eye was a beautiful, informative and expressive performance. I went in with an open mind because I didn’t know what to expect. After reading some Toni Morrison’s books which are filled with a imagery and surprises, I was veryRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 PagesExistence: Myths and Rituals in Wole Soyinka’s Theatre Rosa Figueiredo, Polytecnic of Guarda, Portugal Abstract: The citation for Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel prize for literature reads: â€Å"Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence†. The â€Å"wide cultural perspective† mentioned refers to the fact that Soyinka’s writings, especially the dramas for which he is best known, are at once deeply rooted in traditional African expressive and performance forms like mythsRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Theatre Entrepreneurship in the Nigerian Economy2129 Words   |  9 PagesPROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THEATRE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY Afolabi Taiwo Okunola (Department of Theatre Film Arts, University of Jos, Nigeria) Abstract The business of theatre management is business of management. It is a culmination of the directive principles, canons and protocols governing theatre and management together to form a formidable team which thus makes a theatre entrepreneur. Being a theatre entrepreneur in Nigeria entails many dilemmas, challenges and hurdles. Thus

Causes of stress and its solution Free Essays

The circumstances that cause stress are called stressors. Stressors vary in severity and duration . For example the responsibility of caring for a sick parent may be an ongoing source of major stress , whereas getting stuck in a traffic Jam mat cause mild short term stress . We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of stress and its solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some events such as death of a loved one are stressful for everyone . But in other situations ,individuals may respond differently to the same event. Stressors can be classified into 3 general categories: l)catastrophic stress )MaJor life changes 3)Daily hassles In addition simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people. 1)Catastrophe: Is a sudden , often, life threatening calamity or disaster that pushes people to do outer limits of their coping capability example earthquakes ,tornadoes ,fires ,floods and hurricanes as well as wars ,torture ,automobile accidents , violent physical attacks and sexual assaults . They often continue to affect the individuals mental health long after the event has taken place. 2)MaJor life changes: The most stressful events for adults involve major life changes such as death of a spouse ,family member ,divorce , imprisonment ,loosing ones Job and major personal disability or illness . The most stressful events for adolescents are death ,imprisonment or divorce of parents ,personal disability or illness . Getting married is a positive experience but planning the wedding ,deciding whom to invite ,and dealing with family members may be stressful for the couples. 3)Daily hassles: Much of the stress in our lives results from having to deal with daily hassles ertaining to our Jobs ,personal relationships and everyday living circumstance . Many people experience the same hassles everyday example living in a noisy neighbourhood ,commuting with heavy traffic ,disliking ones fellow workers ,worrying about money , waiting in a long line and misplacing or losing things . How to cite Causes of stress and its solution, Papers

Child Care Management

Question: 1. Describe the components of a healing hospital and their relationship to spirituality. 2 What are the challenges of creating a healing environment in light of the barriers and complexities of the hospital environment? 3 Include biblical aspects that support the concept of a healing hospital. Answer: Introduction- In the recent years, much emphasis is being given to the child welfare and protection unit in many part of the world. Much attention is given to analyze the existing strength and weaknesses of the child protection frame work in major countries like United Kingdom and United States of America. Comparison between the various policies internationally has become the bench mark of designing, reconstructing and strengthening various government policies and also to avoid loop holes in the system. This comparison also helps to find various alternatives to overcome the existing problems. Administrative framework of many countries can be examined by undergoing a survey through various child welfare units and by talking to experts so that correct decisions can be made in the context of child welfare (Lveill Chamberland, 2010). The aim of this report is to develop a comparative study on child welfare and protection framework of United Kingdom and United States of America. The objective is also focused towards formulating various methodologies which may help the child care experts to fight against child abuse. Challenges before the Child care Experts- The major challenges in front of the child welfare experts are- Maltreatment of the children by their parents or their caretakers. Child development and unequal outcomes for every individuals No proper education for the orphans Child employment is the major issue Negligence towards their healthcare and malnutrition Policy framework for child protection- United Kingdom- The children act of 1989 has been a remarkable step for the protection of child in United Kingdom. Any policies were made for the sake of child protection and welfare although it was really difficult to imply it at a large amount due to population of the country. The act basically focused on four key issues for which the child protection framework is absolutely needed i.e. Harm, development, Health and ill treatment. Following were the principles which are followed after passing of this act- The children whenever possible must be care and brought up within their own families. The authorities must work in cooperation with the parents The rules shouldnt be framed until and unless it is really needed for the welfare of the child. Last but not the least, any delay in decision making will be detrimental and likely to interfere with the welfare of the children (White, 2009). In the year 2010-2011, the child protection framework was again revised and considered having four major driving forces. Professor Munro took the opportunity to review the child protection frame work and categorize it into four driving forces- When a child is killed or seriously harmed, the importance of welfare and safety of children and people of young age is very necessary. The uncertainty and complexity of the child protection must be eradicated Always be ready for a high profile enquiry system in case of a child is killed or death occurs, focus should be there to look into professional errors not getting into the cause deeply after the incidents. The importance is given to performance indicator which is considered to be undue which actually provide a part of picture into practice and the main attention is lost for which the team is being formed i.e. child protection (Pecora, 2009). After the formation of these frame work, these factors were noticed The people come together to make a defensive system that puts so much attention and emphasis on procedures that insufficient attention is given to development of the expertise to work efficiently with children and young people .In response Munro suggested changes to lessen bureaucracy and promote a more child-centered system. However, it was too early to say whether these ambitions can be converted into reality and they will help to improve outcomes for children and families welfare in United Kingdom. The United States of America- The United States has possibly more decentralized and residual state compare to other democratic countries in the world. The federal law of the United States shapes the minimum standards and protocol for child welfare and each state have their own considerable autonomy how to operate. The federal level it has been acknowledged that the children maltreatment includes- Death, emotional harm, exploitation or sexual abuse and physical harm are the consequences of any act of failure on the part of care giving by their parents and caretakers. Or it is an act which represents a huge risk or very serious harm to the children. Much emphasis and efforts are required to prevent the removal of children from their parents in all states of USA and if the children is being removed from the family, much services should be offered to the families and children must be kept at least restrictive place and to promote reunification. The United States federal law also acknowledges the keen importance of securing living of the children ideally with the birth parents but if they fail to provide them with safe homes then various alternative measures must be taken to safeguard and arrangement with their relatives or via adoption to provide them with legal guardians. The adoption of children was promoted by formulating certain laws. The Policy developments of United States continue to promote the use of adoption and the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoption Act 2008. The US governing bodies and social organization and NGOs were promoted in USA who actually looked after the welfare and development of the ch ildren (Noonan, 2009). Case Study analysis on Victoria Climbe and Daniel Pelka- In a long line of small children abuse, Daniel pelka was one of the children who was dead due to abuse and negligence of parents and caretakers. On September 2013 a Serious murder Case Review Report on Daniel Pelka which was published by Coventry Safeguarding Children Board (CSCB). The report was made following the death of Pelka, the second child in a family of Polish origin who had migrated to his current country of residence from Poland in 2005. Daniel was just over four year old when he died after experiencing terrible emotional and physical abuse followed by chronic neglect. In July his mother Ms Luczak and her partner Mr Krezolek were sentenced t jail after being found guilty of murder of Daniel Pelka. The whole responsibility for Daniels cruel kill manifestly belongs solely to his Mother and her cruel partner; the other network of professionals around Daniel didnt intended to harm him anyways. However, by their lack of proper attentiveness and their inability to challenge and counteract his mothers cruel lies, by their known blindness to the brutal impact of ongoing domestic abuse and by the lack of proper timely and the purposeful sharing of all the information between different agencies, they failed to protect the killing of vulnerable child. No doubt there are many important lessons is to be learned from this case but there is one that stands out. Listening and hearing the voice of the child is both immensely desperately important and challenging. Those workers, who are on the front line and having ongoing contact with Daniel, need all the required support that they can give them. There were many such occasions when the health, police and educational professionals as well as so cial workers came into contact with the child and the report documents in considerable detail the many opportunities to rescue the victim that were unfortunately and tragically missed out. In the year 2000 London, merely an eight-year-oldIvorian girlVictoria Climbiwas tortured badly and murdered brutally by her guardians. Her death led to severe public enquiry and also produced major outcomes in child protectionpolicies and framework in the United Kingdom. The judge of the criminal court in the trial following Victoria Climbi's brutal death described as "The blinding incompetence", all police failed to properly investigate this breath taking case and sparingly little action was taken against the murderers. The guardians Kuao and Manning were found guilty for this brutal murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. After Victoria Climbi's death, the various parties involved in this case were criticized widely. A public inquiry was initiated, headed bylord Laming was commenced. It was discovered numerous instances where Victoria Climbi could have been easily saved and also noted that too many of the organizations involved in her care were badly commenced and also discussed the racial aspects surrounding with the case as most of the participants were black. The report by Laming mademany recommendations related to child protection act in England. Victoria Climbi's murder was largely responsible for the built up of Every Child Matters of theinitiative and the introduction of the important Children Act followed by the formation of contact point project where agovernment based database wasdesigned to hold information on all children in England and the creation of the Office of the Children's Commissioner was also initiated.

International Business Machines Essay Example For Students

International Business Machines Essay Ibm International Business Machine is an American computer manufacturer, with headquarters in Armonk, New York. The company is a major supplier of information-processing products and systems, software, communications systems, workstations, and related supplies and services in the United States and around the world. Its products are used in a wide variety of industries, including business, government, science, defense, education, medicine, and space exploration. The company was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in a merger of three smaller companies. After further acquisitions, it absorbed the International Business Machines Essay Corporation in 1924 and assumed that companys name. Thomas Watson arrived that same year and began to build the floundering company into an industrial giant. IBM soon became the countrys largest manufacturer of time clocks and developed and marketed the first electric typewriter. In 1951 the company entered the computer field. The development of IBMs technology was largely funded by contracts with the U.S. governments Atomic Energy Commission; close parallels existed between products made for government use and those introduced by IBM into the public marketplace. In the late 1950s IBM distinguished itself with two innovations: the concept of a family of computers (its 360 family) in which the same software could be run across the entire family and a corporate policy dictating that no customer would be allowed to fail in implementing an IBM system. This policy spawned enormous loyalty to Big Blue, as IBM came to be called. From the 1960s until the 1980s IBM dominated the global mainframe market, although in the 1980s IBM lost market share to other manufacturers in specialty areas such as high-performance computing. When minicomputers were introduced in the 1970s IBM viewed them as a threat to the mainframe market and failed to recognize their potential, opening the door for such competitors as Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, and Data General. In 1981, however, IBM introduced the highly successful IBM PC, which rapidly became a standard in micro computing. The company met with less success defending its market share against lower-cost producers. In the late 1980s IBM was the worlds largest producer of a full line of computers and the leading producer of office equipment, including typewriters and photocopiers. The company was also the largest manufacturer of integrated circuits, all of which were used in its own products. The sale of mainframe computers and related software and peripherals accounted for nearly half of IBMs business and about 70 to 80 percent of its profits. In the early 1990s, amid a recession in the U.S. economy, IBM reorganized itself into autonomous business units more closely aligned to the companys markets. As a result, 40,000 employees lost their jobs in 1992, and more cuts were announced for 1993. After record losses during 1992 and, for the first time in IBMs history, a cut in stock dividends (to less than half of their previous value), John F. Akers, chairman since 1985, resigned in early 1993. Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., was named chairperson of the company in April 1993. In 1994 IBM sold its federal systems unit to, which provides computer systems and services to the government, to Loral for $1.5 billion. That same year, in a challenge to Intels dominance of the microprocessor business, IBM agreed to manufacture computer chips designed by Cyrix. Several of IBMs highest- ranking executives including chief strategist James Cannavino, left the company in 1995 as Gerstner continued to clean house. Also that year Apple released its first Power Mac computer that use the PowerPC chip developed by Apple, IBM, and Motorola. IBM also acquired Footprint software, a banking industry software developer whose programs are sold with OS/2. .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .postImageUrl , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:visited , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:active { border:0!important; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:active , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Didital Tv Essay Only 10 years after IBM first produced them, personal computers (PCs) have radically changed the way many offices operate. At first, PCs were intended to reduce time-consuming tasks both at home and work. However, many people are still skeptical about the supposed benefits of the personal computer. High expectation have left many PC users disappointed because considering technical knowledge is often necessary to obtain the computers full benefits. Some critics question whether workers are more productive with computers at their desks. With new changes constantly being introduced proponents of PCs hope that two devices, which could .

Sample Why Usc Essay - How to Write a College Admission Essay

Sample Why Usc Essay - How to Write a College Admission EssayAn essay sample why usc essay needs to be kept up to date as the world around us changes and so do the goals and circumstances of university admissions officers and applicants. For example, if you wrote your current essay 'In the USA, black men have the same IQ scores as white men', you are likely to get rejected now. On the other hand, if you had written a sample why usc essay 'Because Americans are racists', chances are you will have a better chance of getting accepted.If you are interested in why we need to change our sample why usc essay, think about all the changes in our society and the way society thinks. Many people no longer believe that intelligence and the ability to learn and assimilate can be passed down from generation to generation. What they perceive as social class is now class, race, skin color, hair color, creed and even gender.You may want to think about the fact that since the last generation, the natio n has been in a state of increasing mental and emotional trauma and violence. We are angrier and angrier at our families, neighbors, co-workers and our world than we have ever been.When writing your why usc essay, you may want to look for some contrasting examples of society and the way it currently is. You can incorporate a few lines that are from the current political discussion in the news and letters that are published and one or two that are from literature.You should then be able to place yourself in the lives of those whose lives have been changed by the news and issue you are dealing with. Then you may want to write about your own experiences. You may want to ask how society will react to the changing structure of society.You should also want to think about who your why usc essay will appealto. Are you writing to make yourself feel better or are you writing for people who will be graduating from college next year? If you are writing for a group of people who are in your desi red GPA range, you may be more successful.However, you can also use your sample why usc essay to become more familiar with the changing world around you. You will learn what you can from the essays and how to approach the essay sample why usc essay in the future. Think about the past and think about the future, and you will have success writing an essay sample why usc essay for university admissions.

Learn About Rock Cycle in the Earths Crust

Learn About Rock Cycle in the Earth's Crust Rocks are composed primarily of minerals and can be an amalgam of different minerals or can be composed of one mineral. Over 3500 minerals have been identified; most of these can be found in the Earths crust. Some of the Earths minerals are exceedingly popular - fewer than 20 minerals compose more than 95% of the Earths crust. There are three different ways rock can be created on Earth and thus there are three main classifications of rock, based on the three processes - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are formed from the molten liquid minerals that lie below the Earths crust. Theyre formed from magma that cools beneath the Earths surface or from lava that cools upon the Earths surface. These two methods of igneous rock formation are known as intrusive and extrusive, respectively. Intrusive igneous formations can be forced to the surface of the Earth where they can exist as masses of rock known as plutons. The largest types of exposed plutons are called batholiths. The Sierra Nevada mountains are a large batholith of igneous granite rock. Slowly cooling igneous rock will usually contain larger mineral crystals than igneous rock that cools more quickly. The magma that forms igneous rock beneath the surface of the earth can take thousands of years to cool. Quickly cooling rock, often extrusive lava that comes from volcanoes or fissures in the Earths surface has small crystals and may be quite smooth, such as the volcanic obsidian rock. All rocks on Earth were originally igneous as thats the only method entirely new rock can be formed. Igneous rocks continue to form today under and above the earths surface as magma and lava cool to form new rock. The word igneous comes from Latin and means fire formed. Most of the rocks of the Earths crust are igneous although sedimentary rocks usually cover them. Basalt is the most common type of igneous rock and it covers the ocean floor and thus, exists over two-thirds of the Earths surface. Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification (cementing, compacting, and hardening) of existing rock or the bones, shells, and pieces of formerly living things. Rocks are weathered and eroded into tiny particles which are then transported and deposited along with other pieces of rock called sediments. Sediments are cemented together and compacted and hardened over time by the weight and pressure of up to thousands of feet of additional sediments above them. Eventually, the sediments are lithified and become solid sedimentary rock. These sediments that come together are known as clastic sediments. Sediments usually sort themselves by the size of the particles during the deposition process so sedimentary rocks tend to contain similarly sized sedimentary particles. An alternative to clastic sediments are chemical sediments which are minerals in solution that harden. The most common chemical sedimentary rock is limestone, which is a biochemical product of calcium carbonate created by the parts of dead creatures. Approximately three-quarters of the Earths bedrock on the continents is sedimentary. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock, which comes from the Greek to change form, is formed by applying great pressure and temperature to existing rock converting it into a new distinct type of rock. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and even other metamorphic rocks and be modified into metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are usually created when they come under extreme pressure such as under many thousands of feet of bedrock or through being crushed at the junction of tectonic plates. Sedimentary rocks can become metamorphic rocks if the thousands of feet of sediments above them apply enough heat and pressure to further change the structure of the sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rocks are harder than other types of rock so theyre more resistant to weathering and erosion. Rock always converts into the same type of metamorphic rock. For example, the sedimentary rocks limestone and shale become marble and slate, respectively, when metamorphosed. The Rock Cycle We know that all three rock types can be turned into metamorphic rocks but all three types can also be changed through the rock cycle. All rocks can be weathered and eroded into sediments, which can then form sedimentary rock. Rocks can also be completely melted into magma and become reincarnated as igneous rock.

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis Anna Freud was the daughter of Sigmund Freud. While her father was a giant in the field of psychology, Anna Freud was an accomplished psychologist in her own right. She was the founder of child psychoanalysis and extended and further refined her father’s ideas about defense mechanisms. Fast Facts: Anna Freud Known For: Founding child psychoanalysis and work on ego’s defense mechanismsBorn: December 3, 1895 in Vienna, AustriaDied: October 9, 1982 in London, EnglandParents: Sigmund Freud and Martha BernaysKey Accomplishments: Chairman of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society (1925-1928); Honorary President of the International Psychoanalytical Association (1973-1982); Founder of the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic (1952, now known as the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families) Early Life Anna Freud was born in 1895 in Vienna, Austria. She was the youngest of six children born to Sigmund Freud and his wife, Martha Bernays. She did not have a good relationship with her mother and was distant from her five siblings, especially her sister Sophie, who she felt was a rival for her father’s attention. However, she was close to her father. Sigmund Freud, fourth from left, sits at an elegant dining table with the rest of his family, including his daughter Anna, far right. Corbis/VCG via Getty Images / Getty Images Anna Freud graduated from Cottage Lyceum in 1912. While she didn’t go on to higher education, she claimed that she learned more at home from her father and his colleagues than she ever did at school. And, of course, Anna Freud had unparalleled access to information on psychoanalysis, which would eventually enable her to become an important voice in the field. Career In 1917, Anna Freud took a job as a primary school teacher. She also started to undergo psychoanalysis with her father- a practice that would be considered unusual today but was more common at the time. In 1923, Anna Freud started her own psychoanalytic practice focusing specifically on children. This was also the year that her father was diagnosed with cancer and Anna became his caretaker. Shortly afterwards, Anna Freud started teaching at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. Then in 1927, she became the Secretary for the International Psychoanalytic Association, and in 1935, the director of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. The following year she published her best-known work, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, which expanded on her father’s ideas about defenses and the ways the ego works to protect itself. In 1938, when the Nazi threat became too great, Anna and Sigmund Freud fled Vienna and settled in London. World War II started there in 1939. Sigmund Freud died a few weeks later. Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) (second right) arrives in Paris after leaving Vienna en route to London, Paris, France, June 1938. He is accompanied by his daughter Anna (1895 - 1982) (left), wife of Prince George of Greece, Marie Bonaparte (1882 - 1962) (second left), and her son Prince Peter of Greece (1908 - 1980) (right). Pictorial Parade / Getty Images During her early years in England, Freud found herself in conflict with Melanie Klein, another psychoanalyst who was also formulating techniques to use with children. Freud and Klein differed on key points about child development, which led to their different approaches to analysis. In order to resolve the disagreement, they engaged in a series of â€Å"Controversial Discussions† that ended with the British Psychoanalytical Society forming training courses for both perspectives.   In 1941, Anna Freud opened The Hampstead War Nurseries with her friend Dorothy Burlingham. There, they cared for children who had been separated from their families due to the war and documented the children’s responses to the stress of being separated from their parents. After closing the nursery at the end of the war, Freud founded the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in 1952. She was its director until her death in London in 1982.   Contributions to Psychology Freud was a pioneer of child psychoanalysis. She developed new techniques to help children, as she found they required different psychological treatments than adults.  She also pointed out that the symptom’s exhibited by children varied from those displayed by adults. She suggested this was a result of children’s developmental stages. In addition, her work on the ego’s defense mechanisms is still considered seminal. It was a major contribution to both ego psychology and adolescent psychology. Freud said repression, the unconscious suppression of impulses that could be problematic if they were acted upon, was the principle defense mechanism. She also detailed a number of other defense mechanisms, including denial, projection, and displacement. Key Works Freud, Anna. (1936). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense.Freud, Anna. (1965). Normality and Pathology in Childhood: Assessments of Development.Freud, Anna. (1966-1980). The Writing of Anna Freud: 8 Volumes. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Anna Freud Biography (1895-1982).† Verywell Mind, 11 November 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/anna-freud-biography-1895-1982-2795536GoodTherapy. â€Å"Anna Freud (1895-1982).† 14 July 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/anna-freud.htmlSandler, Anna Marie. Anna Freud. British Psychoanalytical Society, 2015. https://psychoanalysis.org.uk/our-authors-and-theorists/anna-freudSmirle, Corinne. Profile of Anna Freud. Psychologys Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive, edited by In A. Rutherford. feministvoices.com/anna-freud/Sigmund Freud Museum. Vita Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/en/sigmund-and-anna-freud/vita-anna-freud.html  Sigmund Freud Museum. Biography Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/files/inhalte/dokumente/en/anna_freud_biopgraphy_eng_pdf.pdfThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Anna Freud: Austrian-British Psychoanalyst.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, 29 November 2018. https://www.britann ica.com/biography/Anna-Freud

How is the internet and social media changing the way we learn in work Coursework

How is the internet and social media changing the way we learn in work place - Coursework Example The advent of internet and social media has drastically changed the way we interact with people and the way we gather information. The gradual rise of internet usage has made it easier for us to have access to critical information, which otherwise would take much longer to gather (Vitez, 2015). The internet and social media has also influenced our work culture and workplace learning. The research question pertaining to this research work is stated below. The aims and objectives concerning this research work are to unearth the influence of internet and social media on work place learning. This research work also try and find out the determining factors behind the changing trend of organizational behaviour under the influence of internet and social media along with the future trends of the work culture relating to internet and social media. It will also find out how the employees respond to the changing trend of learning in work place and whether or not there are any changes that need to be made within the organizational practices. The aims also include providing a generic recommendation for the firms on how to redirect the usage of internet and social media in favour of the organization and its employees. According to the reports of Internet World Stats (2015), the global internet usage has increased drastically over the last decade. This as a result has changed the way people used to access information and connect to peers. The way we interact with others has also been influenced largely by the advent of the internet and social media. It has virtually reduced the distance between people and has made the world a more open place. These evolutions in technology have also influenced the way we work. Internet has drastically changed the organizational policies and the way the activities are conducted. According to (Manyika and Charles Roxburgh, 2011), the internet is widely used among almost all the

Modern historial narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern historial narrative - Essay Example This is because Giovanna was well known to be a beggar and professional poisoner. Often, circumstances have lead us to take paths that have landed us in trouble, as this was the case for Giovanna, who started and ended her days at the market place either trying to sell some concoction that could do this or that or begging for food and money for herself and her children after she become a widow. Despite her bad luck in life, Giovanna had a keen interest in business. She noted that the only reason people (mostly women) went to her, was for her portions and magic despite her numerous protests of her incompetence in the practice. She learned to embrace her newly found ‘skill’ and even accepted the role in time. News about her spread in Palermo- of course in secret among her clients and potential clients- and soon, she was a typical witch. She had all the classical characteristics of a witch, in that she was old- seventy-five years old to be precise- a widow and a beggar. People even said that she went out at night with â€Å"the women from beyond† (donna di fura) who were supernatural whose unpredictable decisions and fickle desires, people believed were responsible for their good or evil fortunes. Lavack1 says that more and more women visited Giovanna despite her persistence for incompetence. Moreover, the magic they sought was lethal and had to kill its victim through occult powers, thus leaving whoever understood or mediated those powers morally and legally without blame. In short, those who went to Giovanna went with the intent to murder. Even when her mixtures and spells did not attain their desired effect, the intent to kill remained. Challenged by the pressure from her customers, Giovanna dedicated herself to perfecting her skill in spells and magic potions. Giovanna soon made a casual discovery that changed her

Analysis Of Dantes Inferno English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Dantes Inferno English Literature Essay Dantes Inferno represents a microcosm of society; that is, laymen, clergy, lovers, wagers of war, politicians, and scholars are all collected into one place and punished for their worst and most human attributes. Hell, despite its otherworldly appearance and brutal, ugly nature, is somewhat humanized by the fact that those who are punished come from every country (Dante 3.123) and every walk of life, regardless of age, race, sex, or creed. While Dante Alighieri did not invent the idea of Hell as a place of punishment for the wayward and sinful souls in the afterlife, he did create the most powerful and enduring (Raffa 1) imagining of a concept which has received significant attention in biblical, classical, and medieval works. Dantes Divine Comedy was written sometime between 1308 and 1321 and is considered the supreme work of Italian literature (Norwich 27). It is an epic poem divided into three separate sections: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, res pectively. The personal element of the journey through Hell in Dantes Inferno literally explores the descent of one man into sin; through the use of poetic justice, both contemporary and historical figures, and mythological figures, Dante crafts an immediate and enthralling work dealing with the nature of sin and its place in society. The concept of poetic justice is famously explored in Inferno, where it is put to dramatic effect devising appropriate torments for each particular sin (Raffa 3). From Limbo to Treachery, Dante catalogues and documents the punishment of sinners both infamous and beloved, famous and unknown. In every case, the punishment fits the crime in a twisted and malignant fashion after all, the poem does discuss the realm of Satan, the Christian embodiment of evil. The nine circles of Hell described in Inferno are as follows: Limbo, Lust, Gluttony, Avarice and Prodigality, Wrath and Sullenness, Heresy, Violence, Fraud, and Treachery. These nine circles are based off of the idea of the Seven Deadly Sins, with some additions such as Limbo created by Dante. The poem begins with Dante lost in a dark wood, assailed by three beasts he cannot evade, and unable to move straight along (Dante 1.18) the road to salvation, represented by a mountain. A lion, a leopard, and a she-wolf symbolizing pride, envy, and avarice, respectively block Dantes path to the top of the mountain, forcing him to descend into the depths of Hell with Virgil. The entire journey documented in the Divine Comedy is an allegory for mans fall into sin before achieving redemption (represented by Purgatorio) and eventually salvation (represented by Paradiso). Before Dante even enters the gates of Hell, he is introduced to his guide for the first two realms of the afterlife, Inferno and Paradiso. For this role, Dante chose Virgil (70-19 BCE), who lived under the rule of Julius Caesar and later Augustus during Romes transition from a republic into an empire, and is most famous for the Aeneid. Two episodes in Virgils work were of particular interest to Dante. Book IV tells the tale of Aeneas and Dido, the queen of Carthage, who kills herself when Aeneas abandons her to continue his journey and [found] a new civilization in Italy (Raffa 8). Book VI recounts Aeneas journey into Hades to meet the shade of his father and learn of future events in his journey. Many elements in the Aeneid are present in heavily modified form in Dantes Inferno. Many of Dantes mythological elements are based on Book VI of Virgils Aeneid, which recounts Aeneas visit to the underworld. Virgil imbued his version of the underworld with a fluid, dreamlike atmosphere (5 ), while Dante instead strives for greater realism, providing sharply drawn and tangible figures. After passing through the gateway to hell, marked ominously with the words ABANDON EVERY HOPE, WHO ENTER HERE (Dante 3.9), Dante and Virgil witness a realm of miserable people who lived without disgrace and without praise (3.17-35) on the periphery of the Inferno. In this realm, the two poets encounter the souls of those who lived such undistinguished and cowardly lives that they have been cast out by Heaven and refused entry by Hell. These souls are forced to race after a banner which never comes to a stop, and are stung repeatedly by flies and wasps, their blood and tears nourishing the sickening worms (3.69) at their feet. The punishment for these cowardly souls is clear; just as in life they refused to be decisive and act, they now are barred from both eternal paradise and eternal damnation, and chase down a waving banner which they will never be able to reach. Next, Dante and Virgil meet Charon, Hells boatman. In the Aeneid, Charon is the pilot of the vessel that transports shades of the dead across the waters into the underworld. In both works, he is an irritable old man with hair white with years (3.83) who objects to taking a living man (Aeneas, Dante) into the realm of the dead. In each case, the protagonists guide (the Sybil, Virgil) provides Charon the proper credentials, and their journey continues. In Limbo, the guiltless damned, noble non-Christian souls, and those who lived before the time of Christianity are punished. The idea of a place for souls who did not sin; and yet lacked baptism (4.34-35) existed in Christian theology prior to Dante, but his vision is more generous than most. Dante includes unbaptized babies, as well as notable non-Christian adults in his version of Limbo, which bears a resemblance to the Asphodel Meadows, a section of the Greek underworld where indifferent and ordinary souls were sent to live after death. Dante suggests that those in Limbo are being punished for their ignorance of God by being forced to spend the afterlife in a deficient form of Heaven; while certainly not as hellish as the other circles, Limbo is by no means a paradise. Dante encounters the classical poets Homer (eighth or ninth century BCE), Horace (65-8 BCE), Ovid (43 BCE -17 CE), and Lucan (39-65 CE), who welcome back their comrade Virgil and honour Dante and one of their own (Dante 4.79-102). Philosophers Socrates and Aristotle also make appearances in Limbo as the shades of men renowned for their outstanding intellectual achievements. Socrates (born ca. 470 BCE in Athens) was a legendary teacher known for the rigorous method of questioning that characterizes the dialogues of Plato (ca. 428-ca. 347 BCE), who also appears. In addition, one notable non-Christian soul finds himself in Limbo, separated from the rest: Saladin, the distinguished military leader and Egyptian sultan who fought against the crusading armies of Europe yet was admired even by his enemies for his chivalry and magnanimity. Dantes implication is that all virtuous non-Christians find themselves in Limbo. The Lustful are punished in the second circle by being blown about by a hellish hurricane, which never rests wheeling and pounding (5.31-33). Lust, for many of the inhabitants of this circle, led to the sin of adultery and in the cases of Dido, Cleopatra, Helen of Troy, and others a violent death. The violent winds are symbolic of lust, and represent the power it holds in affairs of blind passion and physical love. Lust contains the shades of many famous lovers: Semiramis, Dido, Paris, Achilles, and Tristan, among others. Semiramis was a powerful Assyrian queen alleged to ave been so perverse that she even made incest a legal practice (Raffa 27); Dido, queen of Carthage and widow of Sychaeus, committed suicide after her lover Aeneas abandoned her (Virgil IV); Paris later died during the Trojan war; Achilles was the most formidable (Raffa 27) Greek hero in the war against the Trojans, who was killed by Paris (according to medieval accounts); finally, Tristan was the nephew of king Mark of Cornwall who fell in love in Iseult (Marks fiancee) and was killed by Marks poisoned arrow. Minos, the one who judges and assigns (Dante 5.6) the souls during their descent into Hell, is an amalgam of figures from classical sources, completed with several personal touches from Dante. He is a combination of two figures of the same name, one the grandfather of the other, both rulers of Crete. The elder Minos was admired for his wisdom and the laws of his kingdom. The second Minos imposed a harsh penalty on the Athenians (who had killed his son Androgeos), demanding an annual tribute of fourteen youths (seven boys and seven girls), who were sacrificed to the Minotaur, which appears later in Inferno. Minos long tail which he wraps around himself, that marks the sinners level (Dante 5.11-12) is Dantes invention. Gluttony is punished in the third circle. The souls of the damned lie in a vile, grimy slush brought about by cold, unending, heavy, and accursed rain (6.7-8). These former gluttons lie sightless and heedless of their neighbours, symbolizing their cold, selfish, and empty pursuit of hedonism and empty sensuality. The slush, representative of overindulgence and sensuality, serves to cut one off from both the outside world and from Gods deliverance. Gluttonous individuals of note include a Florentine contemporary of Dantes, identified as Ciacco (pig in Italian). Ciacco speaks to Dante regarding the political conflict in the city of Florence between two rival parties, the White and Black Guelphs, and predicts the defeat of the White Guelphs, Dantes party. This event did indeed occur, and would lead to Dantes own exile in 1302. As the poem is set in the year 1300, before Dantes exile, he uses the events of his own life to illustrate the unique ability of shades in Inferno to predict the future, a theme which is returned to later in the poem. Cerberus, guardian of Gluttony, is similar to the beast of Greek mythology. In the Aeneid, Virgil describes Cerberus the three-headed dog which guards the entrance to the classical underworld as loud, huge, and terrifying. Dantes Cerberus displays similar canine qualities: his three throats produce a deafening bark, and he eagerly devours the fistful of dirt Virgil throws into his mouths like a dog intent on its meal. Cerberus bloodred (6.16) eyes, greasy, black (6.16) beard, and large gut link him to the gluttonous spirits whom he tears, flays, and rends (6.18) with his clawed hands. The Avaricious and the Prodigal are punished together in the fourth circle. Avarice, or greed, is one of the inequities that most incurs Dantes scorn and wrath (Raffa 37). Prodigality is defined as the opposite of Avarice; that is, the trait of excessive spending. Both groups are forced to eternally joust with one another, using cumbersome stone weights as weapons. They call out to each other: Why do you hoard? Why do you squander? (Dante 7.30). Here Dante describes the punishment of both extremes, criticizing excessive desire for and against the possession of material goods using the classical principle of moderation. In the fifth circle, the Wrathful and the Sullen are punished. The wrathful fight each other eternally on the surface of the river Styx, which runs darker than deep purple (7.103), while the sullen lie gurgling beneath the water. Dante describes how the Wrathful combat one another: [They] struck each other not with hands alone, but with their heads and chests and with their feet, and tore each other piecemeal with their teeth (7.112-114). The wrathful are damned to eternally struggle and fight without direction or purpose, while the sullen have withdrawn into a black sulkiness from which they can find joy in neither God nor life. In the fifth circle, Filippo Argenti, a prominent Florentine and a Black Guelph, calls to Dante. A hotheaded character (Raffa 40), little is known regarding Filippo except what transpires in Inferno. He quarrels with Dante, lays his hands upon the boat the poets travel on, and is eventually torn apart by his wrathful cohorts. The two men were political opponents, but Dantes behaviour towards Filippo indicates a more personal grievance. Perhaps he had humiliated Dante in life, or had taken some part of Dantes property after his exile from the city. Phlegyas is the solitary boatman (Dante 8.17) who transports Dante and Virgil in his boat across the Styx, the circle of the wrathful and sullen. He was known in Greek mythology for his impetuous behaviour; in a fit of rage, Phlegyas set fire to the temple of Apollo because the god had raped his daughter Apollo promptly slew him in response. Phlegyas appears in Virgils underworld as an admonition against showing contempt for the gods (Virgil 6.618-620), a role which he reprises in Inferno. Between the fifth and sixth circles lie the walls of Dis, the fortressed city of Lower Hell (Raffa 39). The fallen angels who guard the gates of Dis refuse entry to the two poets, requiring the arrival of a messenger from Heaven to open the gate for them. Dante designates all of Lower Hell circles six through nine, where the most serious of sins are punished as the walled city of Dis, with its grave citizens, its great battalions (Dante 8.69). The first five circles, which exist outside of Dis, are collectively known as Upper Hell, as they are where the lesser sins are punished. With the appearance of the three infernal (9.38) Furies, who threaten to call on Medusa, Virgils credibility and Dantes survival appear to be at risk. Furies were often invoked in Virgils classical world to exact revenge on behalf of offended mortal and gods. Medusas hair was turned into snakes by an angry Minerva after Medusa made love with Neptune in the goddesss temple, and became too horrifying to look at without being turned to stone. Dante describes Medusa as the Queen of never-ending lamentation (9.44). The Furies names evil thought (Allecto), evil words (Tisiphone), and evil deeds (Magaera) (9.45-48) describe the three manifestations of sin, which can turn people to stone by making them obstinate cultivators of earthly things (Raffa 41). Heretics are punished inside the walls of Dis, in a spreading plain of lamentation and atrocious pain (Dante 9.110-111) resembling a cemetery. The sixth circle contains souls trapped and enclosed in fiery tombs for failing to believe in God and the afterlife. Since they did not believe in Hell, the Heretics are punished by being sealed away from it in the most unpleasant possible way inside a flaming sepulchre. Among the tombstones of the sixth circle, Dante encounters more Italian contemporaries. A pair of Epicurian Florentines are disocvered sharing a tomb: Farinata degli Uberti, a Ghibelline; and Cavalcante de Cavalcanti, a fellow Guelph and the father of Guido Cavalcanti, Dantes fellow poet and closest friend. Farinata is an imposing figure, rising out of his inflamed sepulchre from the waist up and seeming to have great contempt for Hell (10.31-36). As the leader of the Ghibellines, Farinata was an enemy to the Guelphs, the party of Dantes ancestors. Farinata declares that his colleagues would have annihilated Florence (10.92), had he not interceded forcefully, an act which has earned him Dantes respect. Cavalcante was an enemy to the Ghibellines, like Dante, and married his son Guido to Farinatas daughter in order to foster peace between the two parties. Dantes best friend, Guido Cavalcanti, was a poet who held the philosophical belief that love is a dark force which leads only to mis ery and death. Therefore, Cavalcantes appearance in Hell might be more a matter of guilt by association to his sons worldview than any kind of reflection on himself. The Minotaur is the guardian and mythological symbol for the seventh circle, Violence. At the sight of Dante and Virgil, the minotaur reacts like one whom fury devastates within (12.15), and his frenzied bucking allows the travellers to proceed unharmed. The Minotaur is a physical manifestation of violence in Inferno: almost every part of the Minotaurs story, from its creation to its demise, contains some form of violence (Raffa 55). The sinners in the seventh circle are divided into three groups: the violent against people and property, the violent against themselves, and the violent against God and nature (Dante 11.28-33). The first group comprised of assassins and murderers, among others are immersed in Phlegethon, a bloodred, boiling (12.101) river of blood and fire, up to a level commensurate with their sins (12.73-75). Because they committed such acts of bloodshed and destruction in their lives, they are punished by being immersed in a river of that which they have spilt. The second group the suicides are transformed into knotted, gnarled (13.5) thorny bushes and trees, which are fed upon by Harpies. These souls have given away their physical bodies through suicide, and are forced to maintain treelike forms. These suffering trees cannot speak until Dante accidentally injures one and causes it to bleed. Dante uses the soul-trees as a metaphor for the state of mind which leads to self-harm and suicide. Fi nally, the third group blasphemers and sodomites reside in a desert of sand, fire and brimstone falling from the sky. The blasphemers lie down upon the sand, the usurers recline, and the sodomites wander seemingly aimlessly in huddling groups, all while being burned by distended flakes of fire (14.28-29). This symbolizes how those who act violently against God and that which God has provided are perpetually unable to find peace and comfort in their lives. Among those immersed in Phlegethon is Alexander the Great, submerged up to his eyebrows in blood. He suffers for his reputation as a cruel, bloodthirsty man who inflicted great harm upon the world and its peoples. In the forest of suicides, Dante hears the tale of Pier delle Vigne, who killed himself after falling out of favour with Emperor Frederick II (Dante 13.64-69). Dante encounters his mentor, Brunetto Latini, among the sodomites. Surprised and touched by this encounter, Dante shows Brunetto great respect and admiration, thus refuting suggestions that the poet Dante placed only his enemies in Hell (15.43-45). The Centaurs are men from the waist up with the lower bodies of horses (Raffa 55) who guard the river Phlegethon. Thousands of centaurs patrol the bank of the river, using bows and arrows to keep damned souls submerged. In classical mythology, Centaurs are best known for their uncouth, violent behaviour. Chiron, leader of the Centaurs, enjoyed a favourable reputation as the sage tutor of both Hercules and Achilles. Pholus and Nessus the Centaurs assigned to escort Dante and Virgil have fully earned their negative reputations, however: Pholus who Virgil describes as full of rage (Dante 12.72) had been killed when a fight broke out during a wedding after he and his fellow centaurs attempted to carry off the bride and several other girls, and Nessus was killed by Hercules with a poison arrow for attempting to rape the heros wife, Deinira, after Hercules entrusted him with carrying her across a river (12.67-69). The penultimate circle as well as the most detailed is Fraud, which Dante describes as a place in Hell made all of stone the colour of crude iron (18.1-2). This circle is divided up into ten smaller pockets: panderers and seducers, flatterers, simonists, sorcerers, barrators, hypocrites, thieves, fraudulent advisers and evil councillors, sowers of discord, and falsifiers. Panderers (pimps) and seducers march eternally in opposite directions, lashed cruelly (18.36) by demons. Just as they used passion and seduction to bend others to their will, they are now themselves driven by hellish demons. Flatterers exploited other people using language, therefore, they are plunged in excrement (18.113), representing the false words they produced. Simonists payed for positions of power within the Catholic Church, and are placed upside-down into holes in the floor, with both soles [of their feet] on fire (9.25). The holes into which their heads are planted resemble baptismal fonts, used in sever al religious rituals a constant reminder of the corrupt nature of their former positions in the church. Sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets have had their heads twisted toward their haunches (20.13) so that they can not see what is ahead of them. This symbolizes the twisted nature of magic in general specifically, it refers to the use of forbidden means to see into the future. Dante felt particularly unforgiving towards politicians after his exile from Florence, thus, corrupt politicians (barrators) are immersed in a stew of sticky pitch (21.8). Their punishment represents the sticky fingers, corrupt deals, and dark secrets inherent in positions of political power. The hypocrites listlessly walk with lagging steps, in circles, with features tired and defeated (23.59-60), wearing leaden cloaks, representing the falsity behind the appearance of their actions. This falsity literally weighs these souls down and renders any sort of progress impossible. The thieves are pursued an d attacked by lizards and snakes, their bites causing them to undergo various transformations (24-25). Just as they stole in life, their very human identity becomes subject to theft in Hell. Fraudulent advisers and evil councillors are encased within individual pyres. These individuals did not give false advice out of ignorance; rather, Dante refers to rhetoric [used] by talented people for insidious ends (Raffa 99). In life, they caused those whom they advised to do ill without dirtying their own hands now they are punished alone in their fires. The sowers of discord are hacked apart, their bodies dividing as in life they caused division among others. Their wounds are quickly healed, only to have themselves hacked apart again (Dante 28.139-142). Dante considers falsifiers (alchemists, counterfeiters, perjurers, and impersonators) a disease upon society, and their corrupting influence is reflected in their diseased bodies and minds (Raffa 99) in the tenth pouch. In the eighth circle, Dante meets a number of notably fraudulent individuals. Venedico Caccianemico, who sold his own sister to the Marchese dEste, is recognized among the pimps in the first pouch, despite his attempts to avoid detection (Dante 18.40-60). In the fifth ditch, the thief Vanni Fucci is burnt to ashes before being reincarnated; Agnel blends together with a reptilian Cianfa; and Buoso exchanges forms with Francesco. Vanni Fucci was a black Guelph from Pistoia, a town not far from rival Florence; Dante says he knew Vanni as a man of blood and anger (Dante 24.129). Agnel is thought to be Agnello Dei Brunelleschi, a man who joined the white Guelphs Dantes party but then switched to the black faction when they came to power. Both he and Cianfa are renowned for their thievery. Buoso stole while serving in public office, then arranged for Francesco de Cavalcanti to take over and steal on his behalf. In the eighth pit, Ulysses and Diomedes are condemned for the deception of th e Trojan Horse, luring Achilles into the war effort, and stealing a statue of Athena from Troy (26.58-63). Dante encounters the schismatic prophet Muhammad; the poet views Islam as an off-shoot from Christianity, and similarly condemns Ali, Muhammads son-in-law, for the schism between Sunni and Shiite Muslims (28.22-33). The Malebranche (Evil claws in Italian) are the devils of the fifth pocket of circle eight who bring to Hell the shades of corrupt political officials and employees. They are agile, smart, and fierce (Raffa 77), they are armed with long hooks, which they use to keep the shades under the surface of the black pitch (Dante 21.55-57). It is likely that the names Dante coined for individual demons (Bad Dog, Sneering Dragon, Curly Beard, etc.) are based on actual family names of civic leaders in Florence and the surrounding towns. The Giants physically connect circles eight and nine: standing on the floor of circle nine, they tower over the inner ledge of circle eight with the upper halve of their immense bodies. They are archetypal examples of defiant rebels: Nimrod, who attempted to build the Tower of Babel before it was knocked down by God and his people were scattered; Ephialtes, who fought against Jove and the other Olympian gods; and Antaeus, whose relationship with the titans who stormed Mt. Olympus damned him, despite the fact that he was born after his brothers had waged war against the gods. Nimrod has been punished by being forced to speak an incomprehensible language; that is, his language is as strange to others as theirs is to him. Ephialtes, like the rest of the titans who challenged the gods, is immobilized with heavy chains. Antaeus is not given any exceptional punishment, for he is only guilty by association. It is Antaeus who assists Virgil and Dante by lowering them down to the ninth circle , after being enticed by Virgil with the prospect of eternal fame upon Dantes return to the world (31.115-129). The final circle is Treachery, a frozen lake at the centre of Hell, which is divided into four Rounds: Ca?na, Antenora, Ptolomaea, and Judecca. In Ca?na, traitors to their kindred are immersed in ice up to their faces. In Antenora, traitors to political entities are located similarly in the ice. In Ptolomaea, traitors to their guests are punished, lying on their backs in the ice, with only their faces uncovered. In Judecca, the traitors to their lords and benefactors are completely encapsulated in ice, distorted in pain. In the first round of Treachery, Dante encounters Mordred, who attacked his uncle King Arthur and was pierced mortally by Arthurs lance (Dante 32.61-62). In the second round, Count Ugolino pauses from his ceaseless assault upon the head of his rival, Archbishop Ruggieri, to tell Dante how Ruggieri imprisoned and killed him with his children. This story, the longest single episode related by a damned soul in Inferno, serves as Dantes final dramatic representation of mankinds capacity for evil and cruelty. Fra Alberigo, who had his brother killed at a banquet, explains a key conceit of Dantes Inferno: sometimes, a soul falls into Hell before they have actually died. Their earthly bodies are possessed by demons, so what appears to be a walking, living man is actually beyond the point of repentance (33.134-147). Finally, Lucifer the emperor of the despondent kingdom (34.28) lies at the centre of the Inferno. As ugly as he once was beautiful (34.34-36), Lucifer is a wretched contrast with his limited autonomy and mobility. Lucifers three faces (black, yellow, and red) parody the doctrine of the Holy Trinity: three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) in one divine nature the Divine Power, Highest Wisdom, and Primal Love which also created the gates of Hell, and, by extension, the entire realm of eternal damnation. His flapping wings generate the wind that keeps lake at the centre of Hell frozen, while his three mouths chew on the shade-bodies of the three archtraitors Judas, Brutus, and Cassius the gore mixing with tears gushing out of his three sets of eyes (34.53-57). Dantes Inferno heralded a revolution in Christian theology through its innovative use of poetic justice, historical and contemporary figures, and classical mythology. By combining these disparate elements into a single, cohesive poem, Dante effectively changed the way the Western world imagined the afterlife and Hell in particular. By focusing on the details of the scenes and the identities of those whom the fictional Dante converses with, Inferno illustrates a horrifyingly real and immediate vision of Hell, one which has persisted at least in some part to this day. By focusing on the personal journey of one man through the afterlife, the focus of the narrative is shifted onto the reader, who can easily identify with Dante as the first-person narrator. While the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Divine Comedy Dantes exile from Florence, his fall from political grace, and his eventual death soon after the completion of his magnum opus are rather tragic, they all contri bute to Dantes work in a way which colours the text and gives it a personality and passion which is still felt to this day. For seven hundred years, Inferno has elicited strong responses from its readers from fascination to revulsion and everything in between (Raffa 5). Regardless as to the readership, the response to Inferno has been, and will continue to be, anything but apathetic.