Essay on African theatre - 1586 Words

West African Theater Shreyang Prajapati Intermediate Theatre Period 3 09/12/13 African theatre is composed of live performances in which the action are carefully planned to give a powerful sense of drama through large actions and it comes from sub-Saharan Africa. African theatre is influenced by African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles originates from European presence, European education , and the artists training outside of Africa. The magnitude of foreign influence varies from country to country. This influence slowed the development of African theatre in Zimbabwe. For example, productions continued to exemplify Western theatre. The Afrocentricity in West Africa in†¦show more content†¦and Wole Soyinka. Ola and Wole spent many years as university playwrights/directors and their ability to stage their own works led them to have a strong theatric skill set. Wole Soyinka was a brilliant critic and satirist who was the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 86 was regarded as Africa’s best writer. His art reflects the difficulties facing an African playwright writing in English. He moved from naturalistic treatment of his subjects to the Yoruba view of subjects. His early satires The Trials of Brother Jero (1960) and Lion and the Jewel (1963) are popular with all English-speaking audiences. However the philosophical and verbal complexities in his later works are aimed at the select few. Death and the King’s Horseman (1975) and The Strong Breed (1963) are focused on the impact of cultural conflict. On the other hand, Soyinka’s political satires, such as Kongi’s Harvest (1965), are both raw and entertainment focused. A Dance of the Forests (1963) and The Road (1965) described the complicated dramatic paradoxes of African life through the Yoruba myths. Secondly, Soyinka criticized the myth of the glorious African past by rejecting the African concept that the revival of African culture has to come from African cultural heritage to be made for and performed to celebrate the Nigerian independence of October 1960. His drama became pessimistic after the civil war inShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Theatre And American Theater1902 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-American Theatre has gone through exponential changes throughout the course of American history. They have made a push towards defining theatre for a whole of African-American culture. In doing so, African-American actors, directors, technicians, and theatre entrepreneurs strive to be the very best in their field and â€Å"create a true American theatre† (Miller 335). The theatre challenges thespians to hold onto their roots but branch out and mingle with the culture of today. The African-AmericanRead MoreTheatre As A Form Of Entertainment1460 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre is the activity or profession of acting in, producing, directing, or writing plays. Theatre is where playwrights produce plays, directors manage rehearsals and actors enact on stage. The coming together of all those components make up theatre, but there’s also a small piece missing. Theatre is complete when an audience comes together to experience the play. Theatre to many people is a form of entertainment. Just like no w a days people go to the movies to indulge in a form of amusement, that’sRead MoreFences, By Eileen J. Morris968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fences† is a theatre play run at Ensemble Theatre, located in Houston and it was written by August Wilson and directed by Eileen J. Morris. Fences is the African-American story of a black family trying to settle in the middle of the American Pittsburgh urban area in the 1950s. Wilson made special attention to the details of the time and brought them to the present, in a nice and original everyday production. Fences play starts on a Friday, when Troy and Bono go to Troy s house as usual for theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Green Theatre At Detroit 67 And Took My Seat On Stage Right1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I walked into Paul Green Theatre to watch Detroit ‘67 and took my seat on stage right, my first thought was this story is going to be entirely depressing. The scene was a dingy living space of a family in the 1960’s with a cold concrete floor that served as a modest barrier between the stage and audience along with a dimly lit single room containing a couch and a record player in the front of the stage. I could almost feel the chilly aura being emitted from the concrete floor and poorly-paintedRead MoreInformative Outline on Nuclear Energy1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre Review Form ------------------------------------------------- Instructions ------------------------------------------------- 1. Your WOTA instructor will have provided you with details on the event and what they expect for proof of attendance. It would be a good idea to have this review form handy so that you know the questions you’ll be answering. Give yourself enough time to get seated and settled before the performance. ------------------------------------------------- 2. Do notRead MoreMexican Women in Mexican Revolution736 Words   |  3 Pagesit never took place. Eventhough, the injurious tragedy of events have not only been recorded in history books, but is an embeded trench in the memory in each mind of its survivors! In summary, I am reminded through Soldaderas that not only do African Americans have an enriching history of Kings, and Queens succumed by slavery resulting in a past that is rooted in shame. But, that every ethnic culture has a rich history that has experienced continual rape and molestation through the perpetuatorsRead MoreAnalysis Of I Will Point Out How Valerie Curtis Newton Directed Brothers ``1285 Words   |  6 Pagescomes to theatre as they are the artist who develop the characters, dialogue, theme, and the story of a play. However, playwriting is restricted to dialogue and stage directions so it is up to the director to have the artistic vision to transform the play script into a production. In this paper, I will point out how Valerie Curtis-Newton directed Sons, a play written by Oni Faida Lampley, with regards to the theatre size, actors, and different production aspects. Sons revolves around an African-AmericanRead MoreBiography Of Hairspray At Toby s Dinner Theatre1329 Words   |  6 PagesPrompt A The last play I went to was Hairspray at Toby’s Dinner Theatre in Columbia when I was 12.After reading the syllabus for class, I was very excited to see a theatrical performance especially at the age I am now because I’ll understand it more. I thought that the Bluest Eye was a beautiful, informative and expressive performance. I went in with an open mind because I didn’t know what to expect. After reading some Toni Morrison’s books which are filled with a imagery and surprises, I was veryRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 PagesExistence: Myths and Rituals in Wole Soyinka’s Theatre Rosa Figueiredo, Polytecnic of Guarda, Portugal Abstract: The citation for Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel prize for literature reads: â€Å"Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence†. The â€Å"wide cultural perspective† mentioned refers to the fact that Soyinka’s writings, especially the dramas for which he is best known, are at once deeply rooted in traditional African expressive and performance forms like mythsRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Theatre Entrepreneurship in the Nigerian Economy2129 Words   |  9 PagesPROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THEATRE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY Afolabi Taiwo Okunola (Department of Theatre Film Arts, University of Jos, Nigeria) Abstract The business of theatre management is business of management. It is a culmination of the directive principles, canons and protocols governing theatre and management together to form a formidable team which thus makes a theatre entrepreneur. Being a theatre entrepreneur in Nigeria entails many dilemmas, challenges and hurdles. Thus

Causes of stress and its solution Free Essays

The circumstances that cause stress are called stressors. Stressors vary in severity and duration . For example the responsibility of caring for a sick parent may be an ongoing source of major stress , whereas getting stuck in a traffic Jam mat cause mild short term stress . We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of stress and its solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some events such as death of a loved one are stressful for everyone . But in other situations ,individuals may respond differently to the same event. Stressors can be classified into 3 general categories: l)catastrophic stress )MaJor life changes 3)Daily hassles In addition simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people. 1)Catastrophe: Is a sudden , often, life threatening calamity or disaster that pushes people to do outer limits of their coping capability example earthquakes ,tornadoes ,fires ,floods and hurricanes as well as wars ,torture ,automobile accidents , violent physical attacks and sexual assaults . They often continue to affect the individuals mental health long after the event has taken place. 2)MaJor life changes: The most stressful events for adults involve major life changes such as death of a spouse ,family member ,divorce , imprisonment ,loosing ones Job and major personal disability or illness . The most stressful events for adolescents are death ,imprisonment or divorce of parents ,personal disability or illness . Getting married is a positive experience but planning the wedding ,deciding whom to invite ,and dealing with family members may be stressful for the couples. 3)Daily hassles: Much of the stress in our lives results from having to deal with daily hassles ertaining to our Jobs ,personal relationships and everyday living circumstance . Many people experience the same hassles everyday example living in a noisy neighbourhood ,commuting with heavy traffic ,disliking ones fellow workers ,worrying about money , waiting in a long line and misplacing or losing things . How to cite Causes of stress and its solution, Papers

Child Care Management

Question: 1. Describe the components of a healing hospital and their relationship to spirituality. 2 What are the challenges of creating a healing environment in light of the barriers and complexities of the hospital environment? 3 Include biblical aspects that support the concept of a healing hospital. Answer: Introduction- In the recent years, much emphasis is being given to the child welfare and protection unit in many part of the world. Much attention is given to analyze the existing strength and weaknesses of the child protection frame work in major countries like United Kingdom and United States of America. Comparison between the various policies internationally has become the bench mark of designing, reconstructing and strengthening various government policies and also to avoid loop holes in the system. This comparison also helps to find various alternatives to overcome the existing problems. Administrative framework of many countries can be examined by undergoing a survey through various child welfare units and by talking to experts so that correct decisions can be made in the context of child welfare (Lveill Chamberland, 2010). The aim of this report is to develop a comparative study on child welfare and protection framework of United Kingdom and United States of America. The objective is also focused towards formulating various methodologies which may help the child care experts to fight against child abuse. Challenges before the Child care Experts- The major challenges in front of the child welfare experts are- Maltreatment of the children by their parents or their caretakers. Child development and unequal outcomes for every individuals No proper education for the orphans Child employment is the major issue Negligence towards their healthcare and malnutrition Policy framework for child protection- United Kingdom- The children act of 1989 has been a remarkable step for the protection of child in United Kingdom. Any policies were made for the sake of child protection and welfare although it was really difficult to imply it at a large amount due to population of the country. The act basically focused on four key issues for which the child protection framework is absolutely needed i.e. Harm, development, Health and ill treatment. Following were the principles which are followed after passing of this act- The children whenever possible must be care and brought up within their own families. The authorities must work in cooperation with the parents The rules shouldnt be framed until and unless it is really needed for the welfare of the child. Last but not the least, any delay in decision making will be detrimental and likely to interfere with the welfare of the children (White, 2009). In the year 2010-2011, the child protection framework was again revised and considered having four major driving forces. Professor Munro took the opportunity to review the child protection frame work and categorize it into four driving forces- When a child is killed or seriously harmed, the importance of welfare and safety of children and people of young age is very necessary. The uncertainty and complexity of the child protection must be eradicated Always be ready for a high profile enquiry system in case of a child is killed or death occurs, focus should be there to look into professional errors not getting into the cause deeply after the incidents. The importance is given to performance indicator which is considered to be undue which actually provide a part of picture into practice and the main attention is lost for which the team is being formed i.e. child protection (Pecora, 2009). After the formation of these frame work, these factors were noticed The people come together to make a defensive system that puts so much attention and emphasis on procedures that insufficient attention is given to development of the expertise to work efficiently with children and young people .In response Munro suggested changes to lessen bureaucracy and promote a more child-centered system. However, it was too early to say whether these ambitions can be converted into reality and they will help to improve outcomes for children and families welfare in United Kingdom. The United States of America- The United States has possibly more decentralized and residual state compare to other democratic countries in the world. The federal law of the United States shapes the minimum standards and protocol for child welfare and each state have their own considerable autonomy how to operate. The federal level it has been acknowledged that the children maltreatment includes- Death, emotional harm, exploitation or sexual abuse and physical harm are the consequences of any act of failure on the part of care giving by their parents and caretakers. Or it is an act which represents a huge risk or very serious harm to the children. Much emphasis and efforts are required to prevent the removal of children from their parents in all states of USA and if the children is being removed from the family, much services should be offered to the families and children must be kept at least restrictive place and to promote reunification. The United States federal law also acknowledges the keen importance of securing living of the children ideally with the birth parents but if they fail to provide them with safe homes then various alternative measures must be taken to safeguard and arrangement with their relatives or via adoption to provide them with legal guardians. The adoption of children was promoted by formulating certain laws. The Policy developments of United States continue to promote the use of adoption and the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoption Act 2008. The US governing bodies and social organization and NGOs were promoted in USA who actually looked after the welfare and development of the ch ildren (Noonan, 2009). Case Study analysis on Victoria Climbe and Daniel Pelka- In a long line of small children abuse, Daniel pelka was one of the children who was dead due to abuse and negligence of parents and caretakers. On September 2013 a Serious murder Case Review Report on Daniel Pelka which was published by Coventry Safeguarding Children Board (CSCB). The report was made following the death of Pelka, the second child in a family of Polish origin who had migrated to his current country of residence from Poland in 2005. Daniel was just over four year old when he died after experiencing terrible emotional and physical abuse followed by chronic neglect. In July his mother Ms Luczak and her partner Mr Krezolek were sentenced t jail after being found guilty of murder of Daniel Pelka. The whole responsibility for Daniels cruel kill manifestly belongs solely to his Mother and her cruel partner; the other network of professionals around Daniel didnt intended to harm him anyways. However, by their lack of proper attentiveness and their inability to challenge and counteract his mothers cruel lies, by their known blindness to the brutal impact of ongoing domestic abuse and by the lack of proper timely and the purposeful sharing of all the information between different agencies, they failed to protect the killing of vulnerable child. No doubt there are many important lessons is to be learned from this case but there is one that stands out. Listening and hearing the voice of the child is both immensely desperately important and challenging. Those workers, who are on the front line and having ongoing contact with Daniel, need all the required support that they can give them. There were many such occasions when the health, police and educational professionals as well as so cial workers came into contact with the child and the report documents in considerable detail the many opportunities to rescue the victim that were unfortunately and tragically missed out. In the year 2000 London, merely an eight-year-oldIvorian girlVictoria Climbiwas tortured badly and murdered brutally by her guardians. Her death led to severe public enquiry and also produced major outcomes in child protectionpolicies and framework in the United Kingdom. The judge of the criminal court in the trial following Victoria Climbi's brutal death described as "The blinding incompetence", all police failed to properly investigate this breath taking case and sparingly little action was taken against the murderers. The guardians Kuao and Manning were found guilty for this brutal murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. After Victoria Climbi's death, the various parties involved in this case were criticized widely. A public inquiry was initiated, headed bylord Laming was commenced. It was discovered numerous instances where Victoria Climbi could have been easily saved and also noted that too many of the organizations involved in her care were badly commenced and also discussed the racial aspects surrounding with the case as most of the participants were black. The report by Laming mademany recommendations related to child protection act in England. Victoria Climbi's murder was largely responsible for the built up of Every Child Matters of theinitiative and the introduction of the important Children Act followed by the formation of contact point project where agovernment based database wasdesigned to hold information on all children in England and the creation of the Office of the Children's Commissioner was also initiated.

International Business Machines Essay Example For Students

International Business Machines Essay Ibm International Business Machine is an American computer manufacturer, with headquarters in Armonk, New York. The company is a major supplier of information-processing products and systems, software, communications systems, workstations, and related supplies and services in the United States and around the world. Its products are used in a wide variety of industries, including business, government, science, defense, education, medicine, and space exploration. The company was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in a merger of three smaller companies. After further acquisitions, it absorbed the International Business Machines Essay Corporation in 1924 and assumed that companys name. Thomas Watson arrived that same year and began to build the floundering company into an industrial giant. IBM soon became the countrys largest manufacturer of time clocks and developed and marketed the first electric typewriter. In 1951 the company entered the computer field. The development of IBMs technology was largely funded by contracts with the U.S. governments Atomic Energy Commission; close parallels existed between products made for government use and those introduced by IBM into the public marketplace. In the late 1950s IBM distinguished itself with two innovations: the concept of a family of computers (its 360 family) in which the same software could be run across the entire family and a corporate policy dictating that no customer would be allowed to fail in implementing an IBM system. This policy spawned enormous loyalty to Big Blue, as IBM came to be called. From the 1960s until the 1980s IBM dominated the global mainframe market, although in the 1980s IBM lost market share to other manufacturers in specialty areas such as high-performance computing. When minicomputers were introduced in the 1970s IBM viewed them as a threat to the mainframe market and failed to recognize their potential, opening the door for such competitors as Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, and Data General. In 1981, however, IBM introduced the highly successful IBM PC, which rapidly became a standard in micro computing. The company met with less success defending its market share against lower-cost producers. In the late 1980s IBM was the worlds largest producer of a full line of computers and the leading producer of office equipment, including typewriters and photocopiers. The company was also the largest manufacturer of integrated circuits, all of which were used in its own products. The sale of mainframe computers and related software and peripherals accounted for nearly half of IBMs business and about 70 to 80 percent of its profits. In the early 1990s, amid a recession in the U.S. economy, IBM reorganized itself into autonomous business units more closely aligned to the companys markets. As a result, 40,000 employees lost their jobs in 1992, and more cuts were announced for 1993. After record losses during 1992 and, for the first time in IBMs history, a cut in stock dividends (to less than half of their previous value), John F. Akers, chairman since 1985, resigned in early 1993. Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., was named chairperson of the company in April 1993. In 1994 IBM sold its federal systems unit to, which provides computer systems and services to the government, to Loral for $1.5 billion. That same year, in a challenge to Intels dominance of the microprocessor business, IBM agreed to manufacture computer chips designed by Cyrix. Several of IBMs highest- ranking executives including chief strategist James Cannavino, left the company in 1995 as Gerstner continued to clean house. Also that year Apple released its first Power Mac computer that use the PowerPC chip developed by Apple, IBM, and Motorola. IBM also acquired Footprint software, a banking industry software developer whose programs are sold with OS/2. .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .postImageUrl , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:visited , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:active { border:0!important; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:active , .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38 .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c403e0668c5428f61033cca9f441c38:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Didital Tv Essay Only 10 years after IBM first produced them, personal computers (PCs) have radically changed the way many offices operate. At first, PCs were intended to reduce time-consuming tasks both at home and work. However, many people are still skeptical about the supposed benefits of the personal computer. High expectation have left many PC users disappointed because considering technical knowledge is often necessary to obtain the computers full benefits. Some critics question whether workers are more productive with computers at their desks. With new changes constantly being introduced proponents of PCs hope that two devices, which could .

Sample Why Usc Essay - How to Write a College Admission Essay

Sample Why Usc Essay - How to Write a College Admission EssayAn essay sample why usc essay needs to be kept up to date as the world around us changes and so do the goals and circumstances of university admissions officers and applicants. For example, if you wrote your current essay 'In the USA, black men have the same IQ scores as white men', you are likely to get rejected now. On the other hand, if you had written a sample why usc essay 'Because Americans are racists', chances are you will have a better chance of getting accepted.If you are interested in why we need to change our sample why usc essay, think about all the changes in our society and the way society thinks. Many people no longer believe that intelligence and the ability to learn and assimilate can be passed down from generation to generation. What they perceive as social class is now class, race, skin color, hair color, creed and even gender.You may want to think about the fact that since the last generation, the natio n has been in a state of increasing mental and emotional trauma and violence. We are angrier and angrier at our families, neighbors, co-workers and our world than we have ever been.When writing your why usc essay, you may want to look for some contrasting examples of society and the way it currently is. You can incorporate a few lines that are from the current political discussion in the news and letters that are published and one or two that are from literature.You should then be able to place yourself in the lives of those whose lives have been changed by the news and issue you are dealing with. Then you may want to write about your own experiences. You may want to ask how society will react to the changing structure of society.You should also want to think about who your why usc essay will appealto. Are you writing to make yourself feel better or are you writing for people who will be graduating from college next year? If you are writing for a group of people who are in your desi red GPA range, you may be more successful.However, you can also use your sample why usc essay to become more familiar with the changing world around you. You will learn what you can from the essays and how to approach the essay sample why usc essay in the future. Think about the past and think about the future, and you will have success writing an essay sample why usc essay for university admissions.

Learn About Rock Cycle in the Earths Crust

Learn About Rock Cycle in the Earth's Crust Rocks are composed primarily of minerals and can be an amalgam of different minerals or can be composed of one mineral. Over 3500 minerals have been identified; most of these can be found in the Earths crust. Some of the Earths minerals are exceedingly popular - fewer than 20 minerals compose more than 95% of the Earths crust. There are three different ways rock can be created on Earth and thus there are three main classifications of rock, based on the three processes - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are formed from the molten liquid minerals that lie below the Earths crust. Theyre formed from magma that cools beneath the Earths surface or from lava that cools upon the Earths surface. These two methods of igneous rock formation are known as intrusive and extrusive, respectively. Intrusive igneous formations can be forced to the surface of the Earth where they can exist as masses of rock known as plutons. The largest types of exposed plutons are called batholiths. The Sierra Nevada mountains are a large batholith of igneous granite rock. Slowly cooling igneous rock will usually contain larger mineral crystals than igneous rock that cools more quickly. The magma that forms igneous rock beneath the surface of the earth can take thousands of years to cool. Quickly cooling rock, often extrusive lava that comes from volcanoes or fissures in the Earths surface has small crystals and may be quite smooth, such as the volcanic obsidian rock. All rocks on Earth were originally igneous as thats the only method entirely new rock can be formed. Igneous rocks continue to form today under and above the earths surface as magma and lava cool to form new rock. The word igneous comes from Latin and means fire formed. Most of the rocks of the Earths crust are igneous although sedimentary rocks usually cover them. Basalt is the most common type of igneous rock and it covers the ocean floor and thus, exists over two-thirds of the Earths surface. Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification (cementing, compacting, and hardening) of existing rock or the bones, shells, and pieces of formerly living things. Rocks are weathered and eroded into tiny particles which are then transported and deposited along with other pieces of rock called sediments. Sediments are cemented together and compacted and hardened over time by the weight and pressure of up to thousands of feet of additional sediments above them. Eventually, the sediments are lithified and become solid sedimentary rock. These sediments that come together are known as clastic sediments. Sediments usually sort themselves by the size of the particles during the deposition process so sedimentary rocks tend to contain similarly sized sedimentary particles. An alternative to clastic sediments are chemical sediments which are minerals in solution that harden. The most common chemical sedimentary rock is limestone, which is a biochemical product of calcium carbonate created by the parts of dead creatures. Approximately three-quarters of the Earths bedrock on the continents is sedimentary. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock, which comes from the Greek to change form, is formed by applying great pressure and temperature to existing rock converting it into a new distinct type of rock. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and even other metamorphic rocks and be modified into metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are usually created when they come under extreme pressure such as under many thousands of feet of bedrock or through being crushed at the junction of tectonic plates. Sedimentary rocks can become metamorphic rocks if the thousands of feet of sediments above them apply enough heat and pressure to further change the structure of the sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rocks are harder than other types of rock so theyre more resistant to weathering and erosion. Rock always converts into the same type of metamorphic rock. For example, the sedimentary rocks limestone and shale become marble and slate, respectively, when metamorphosed. The Rock Cycle We know that all three rock types can be turned into metamorphic rocks but all three types can also be changed through the rock cycle. All rocks can be weathered and eroded into sediments, which can then form sedimentary rock. Rocks can also be completely melted into magma and become reincarnated as igneous rock.

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis Anna Freud was the daughter of Sigmund Freud. While her father was a giant in the field of psychology, Anna Freud was an accomplished psychologist in her own right. She was the founder of child psychoanalysis and extended and further refined her father’s ideas about defense mechanisms. Fast Facts: Anna Freud Known For: Founding child psychoanalysis and work on ego’s defense mechanismsBorn: December 3, 1895 in Vienna, AustriaDied: October 9, 1982 in London, EnglandParents: Sigmund Freud and Martha BernaysKey Accomplishments: Chairman of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society (1925-1928); Honorary President of the International Psychoanalytical Association (1973-1982); Founder of the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic (1952, now known as the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families) Early Life Anna Freud was born in 1895 in Vienna, Austria. She was the youngest of six children born to Sigmund Freud and his wife, Martha Bernays. She did not have a good relationship with her mother and was distant from her five siblings, especially her sister Sophie, who she felt was a rival for her father’s attention. However, she was close to her father. Sigmund Freud, fourth from left, sits at an elegant dining table with the rest of his family, including his daughter Anna, far right. Corbis/VCG via Getty Images / Getty Images Anna Freud graduated from Cottage Lyceum in 1912. While she didn’t go on to higher education, she claimed that she learned more at home from her father and his colleagues than she ever did at school. And, of course, Anna Freud had unparalleled access to information on psychoanalysis, which would eventually enable her to become an important voice in the field. Career In 1917, Anna Freud took a job as a primary school teacher. She also started to undergo psychoanalysis with her father- a practice that would be considered unusual today but was more common at the time. In 1923, Anna Freud started her own psychoanalytic practice focusing specifically on children. This was also the year that her father was diagnosed with cancer and Anna became his caretaker. Shortly afterwards, Anna Freud started teaching at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. Then in 1927, she became the Secretary for the International Psychoanalytic Association, and in 1935, the director of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. The following year she published her best-known work, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, which expanded on her father’s ideas about defenses and the ways the ego works to protect itself. In 1938, when the Nazi threat became too great, Anna and Sigmund Freud fled Vienna and settled in London. World War II started there in 1939. Sigmund Freud died a few weeks later. Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) (second right) arrives in Paris after leaving Vienna en route to London, Paris, France, June 1938. He is accompanied by his daughter Anna (1895 - 1982) (left), wife of Prince George of Greece, Marie Bonaparte (1882 - 1962) (second left), and her son Prince Peter of Greece (1908 - 1980) (right). Pictorial Parade / Getty Images During her early years in England, Freud found herself in conflict with Melanie Klein, another psychoanalyst who was also formulating techniques to use with children. Freud and Klein differed on key points about child development, which led to their different approaches to analysis. In order to resolve the disagreement, they engaged in a series of â€Å"Controversial Discussions† that ended with the British Psychoanalytical Society forming training courses for both perspectives.   In 1941, Anna Freud opened The Hampstead War Nurseries with her friend Dorothy Burlingham. There, they cared for children who had been separated from their families due to the war and documented the children’s responses to the stress of being separated from their parents. After closing the nursery at the end of the war, Freud founded the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in 1952. She was its director until her death in London in 1982.   Contributions to Psychology Freud was a pioneer of child psychoanalysis. She developed new techniques to help children, as she found they required different psychological treatments than adults.  She also pointed out that the symptom’s exhibited by children varied from those displayed by adults. She suggested this was a result of children’s developmental stages. In addition, her work on the ego’s defense mechanisms is still considered seminal. It was a major contribution to both ego psychology and adolescent psychology. Freud said repression, the unconscious suppression of impulses that could be problematic if they were acted upon, was the principle defense mechanism. She also detailed a number of other defense mechanisms, including denial, projection, and displacement. Key Works Freud, Anna. (1936). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense.Freud, Anna. (1965). Normality and Pathology in Childhood: Assessments of Development.Freud, Anna. (1966-1980). The Writing of Anna Freud: 8 Volumes. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Anna Freud Biography (1895-1982).† Verywell Mind, 11 November 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/anna-freud-biography-1895-1982-2795536GoodTherapy. â€Å"Anna Freud (1895-1982).† 14 July 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/anna-freud.htmlSandler, Anna Marie. Anna Freud. British Psychoanalytical Society, 2015. https://psychoanalysis.org.uk/our-authors-and-theorists/anna-freudSmirle, Corinne. Profile of Anna Freud. Psychologys Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive, edited by In A. Rutherford. feministvoices.com/anna-freud/Sigmund Freud Museum. Vita Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/en/sigmund-and-anna-freud/vita-anna-freud.html  Sigmund Freud Museum. Biography Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/files/inhalte/dokumente/en/anna_freud_biopgraphy_eng_pdf.pdfThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Anna Freud: Austrian-British Psychoanalyst.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, 29 November 2018. https://www.britann ica.com/biography/Anna-Freud